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This chapter proposes a framework explaining the evolution of property rights in land, assuming two unequal groups of actors: elites possessing means of violence and nonelite land cultivators. It then shows that all intermediary groups – those acting between the chief violence holders (i.e., rulers) and cultivators – are in effect (greater or lesser rulers and cultivators). Using this framework, this chapter explains most of the developments in the evolution of land rights in 19th century colonial Bengal. The proposed theoretical framework explains how different, hierarchically arrayed claims over land and the resulting allocation of rights was a function of asymmetries in power and information between three groups: rulers, direct cultivators, and intermediaries without their own coercive means. It explains inter alia why private property in land was not likely to emerge in this configuration, and that the (non-private) property rights of the other two groups wouldn't attain stability as long as rulers perceived an information asymmetry. In such a situation, land rights would attain neither “private,” nor “public” character.

This paper aims to explore three operations and supply chain management (OSCM) approaches for meeting the 2 °C targets to counteract climate change: adaptation (adjusting to climatic impacts); mitigation (innovating towards low-carbon practices); and carbon-removing negative emissions technologies (NETs). We suggest that adaptation nor mitigation may be enough to meet the current climate targets, thus calling for NETs, resulting in the following question: How can operations and supply chains be reconceptualized for NETs?

We draw on the sustainable supply chain and transitions discourses along with interview data involving 125 experts gathered from a broad research project focused on geoengineering and NETs. We analyze three case studies of emerging NETs (biochar, direct air carbon capture and storage and ocean alkalinity enhancement), leading to propositions on the link between OSCM and NETs.

Although some NETs are promising, there remains considerable variance and uncertainty over supply chain configurations, efficacy, social acceptability and potential risks of unintended detrimental consequences. We introduce the concept of transformative OSCM, which encompasses policy interventions to foster the emergence of new technologies in industry sectors driven by social mandates but lack clear commercial incentives.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is among the first that studies NETs from an OSCM perspective. It suggests a pathway toward new industry structures and policy support to effectively tackle climate change through carbon removal.

This study aims to examine the relationship between supportive design (SD) and residential mobility of students with disabilities (SWD) in off-campus student hostels in Ghana.

Quantitative research techniques were adopted. A sample of 243 SWD living in 190 University Student Housing were selected. Based on the SD indicators, the partial least square structural equation model was used to explore its effects on residential mobility in SWD living in university housing.

Findings indicate that a sense of control and positive distraction significantly influence residential mobility to a greater extent than social support design. While the sense of control emerged as a primary predictor of residential mobility, no direct relationships were observed between the sense of control, positive distraction and social support. Although social support did not exhibit significant direct effects, its potential relevance to residential mobility cannot be dismissed.

The enhancement and compliance of a sense of control and positive distraction SD in the common areas in student housing will reduce SWD residential mobility and increase investors’ profitability. Positive social support designs are critical to predicting percentage change in residential mobility in off-campus student housing in Ghana.

SD is a theory largely used in health-care buildings. The observation of no relationship between a sense of control and positive distraction, and social support aspects of SD in university housing in this study significantly differs from the inverse relationship that exists between SD in hospitals, especially in the developing world, is a theoretical contribution.

Islamic economic ideology has exerted a profound influence on the evolution of the open market, particularly in the domains of individual property rights, unobstructed commerce, and restrained governmental interference. The Islamic doctrine pertaining to individual property rights underscores the entitlement of individuals to possess and exercise dominion over their possessions, and this fundamental doctrine has played a pivotal role in shaping the unrestrained market. Islamic economic philosophy also champions free trade, affording individuals the freedom to exchange commodities and services devoid of governmental constraints. This doctrine has contributed to the creation of a more efficient and prosperous economic milieu. Ultimately, Islamic economic thought propagates the concept of delimited governmental involvement in economic affairs. This principle affords enterprises the latitude to undertake risks, while empowering entrepreneurs to establish novel companies, both of which are integral to economic expansion. The undeniable contributions of Islamic economic thought to the maturation of the open market are incontestable. These principles have been instrumental in the establishment of a more efficient, flourishing, and vibrant economic landscape. As our world becomes progressively intertwined, it remains imperative to retain the insights gleaned from Islamic economic thought and persist in the pursuit of an equitable and free market system.

Our study draws on gender role congruity theory to theorize and test an integrative conceptual model outlining how motives for entrepreneurial action explain the relationship between female entrepreneurship and innovation in nascent ventures.

To test our hypotheses, we employed structural equation modeling (SEM) in a sample of early-stage entrepreneurs (N = 533).

We found a positive relationship between nascent female entrepreneurs and innovation, and that this relationship is mediated by motives for recognition, respect, and autonomy.

By revealing a positive relationship between female entrepreneurship and innovation, our work provides a complementary perspective to the literature, which suggests that there are limits to innovation potential for female entrepreneurs. Further, we find that this relationship is explained by motives for recognition, respect, and autonomy, but not financial security. Finally, most empirical research focuses on the innovative outputs of established new ventures, while our work leverages a sample of early-stage entrepreneurs.

This study describes how a multinational enterprise (MNE) gains acceptance after rebranding acquired brands from different countries among its internal and external stakeholders and identifies factors that influence this process.

The study employed a single case-study approach, including 18 semi-structured in-depth interviews with employees of a firm involved in the rebranding process in six countries. The countries are Sweden, Germany, the United States, Brazil, Colombia and Mexico.

The findings reveal how the MNE integrated brands it acquired in different international markets into one overarching corporate brand. The study shows that in emerging countries, external legitimation (external implementation process, country profiles and customer buy-in) constitutes the most significant challenge. By contrast, in developed countries, internal legitimation (employee buy-in and internal implementation process) is more challenging.

The study contributes to and extends the rebranding literature by using a legitimation lens to analyze the rebranding process. This lens shows how internal and external stakeholders are both crucial to successful rebranding. The study provides a comprehensive perspective of the process, identifies challenging factors and differentiates between their importance in emerging and developed countries.

To address the dearth of research on how firms legitimize a new brand in different national contexts, the study compares the rebranding process in multiple countries and discusses the factors influencing the rebranding process.

This chapter explores the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on airline employment from the onset of the pandemic until 2023. Using data from the International Civil Aviation Organization, this chapter evaluates the employment effects of the pandemic across hundreds of airlines around the globe and provides an examination of the job loss and rebound following the onset of the pandemic. A comparative analysis of the global employment changes in varying job types – including flight operations, maintenance, and ticketing – is presented. From the sample of global airlines, results indicate that airline employment was reduced by over 180,000 employees in 2020 with maintenance personnel experiencing the greatest reduction in employment. These results are discussed in the context of government intervention and industry-targeted stimulus programs. A case study of the US airline labor market provides a more detailed examination of the employment changes across various airlines and employees. These results suggest that employees at low-cost carriers have fared better than full-service national carriers; however, airline employees were not equally affected with women’s employment more greatly impacted, and slower to recover, than men’s employment. The transformations in labor relations and industrial action are also explored as air travel demand has rebounded and an anticipated shortage of skilled airline workers threatens the industry. Finally, these changes in employment and labor actions are compared with the effects from the Great Recession and September 11, 2001, and the implications for the future of the industry are discussed.