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There is little doubt that sport is an integral part of the social, political and economic fabric of countries worldwide. Governments allocate significant resources for sport governing bodies in the quest to be well represented at Olympic Games; they subsidise sport organisations for sport development at local, regional and national levels; they give tax breaks to corporate sport organisations. These represent a small sample in the ways by which governments ‘participate’ in the advancement of sport with the intent of increasing their local and global profile. However, the quest for this image can serve as a barrier to challenging traditions that expose a dark side of sport. This chapter acknowledges that hazing is one of these traditions. The protection of a desired image further adds to the complexities of dealing with hazing at a legislative level since the preponderance of sport hazing is in the more commercialised sports such as hockey, football and basketball (Fogel & Quinlan, 2023). The purpose of this chapter will be to provide samples of worldwide legislation, a determination of effectiveness and an analysis of potential for legislative value when applied to sport.

This chapter examines sexually violent hazing as a form of group sexual assault, which involves multiple perpetrators in a single sexually violent act, in the context of junior men's hockey in Canada. Research outside of the context of sport suggests that group sexual assaults are relatively rare. However, available evidence suggests that the prevalence of group sexual assaults perpetrated by male junior hockey players is significantly disproportionate to perpetration rates by men who do not participate in competitive sports. Drawing on examples from junior men's hockey in Canada, three main forms of group sexual assault are identified and explored in which multiple male junior hockey players have been reported for sexually assaulting: (1) new male team members through sexually violent hazing rituals, (2) female victims during team rookie nights or initiation parties and (3) a single female victim away from team activities. The data analysed include media files and written legal decisions involving group sexual assault allegations against 65 Canadian junior men's hockey players. This chapter reveals that each form is interconnected within the misogynistic culture of junior men's hockey in Canada, where group sexual assaults have long been tolerated, silenced and ignored by teams, leagues and legal officials.

This article reviews 69 press releases published by the Norwegian Økokrim from June 2022 to November 2023. The presented research applies the theory of focal concerns to identify the main themes in the press releases.

Serious fraud offices such as the Norwegian national authority for investigation and prosecution of economic and environmental crime (Økokrim) are facing many challenges when combating white-collar and corporate crime. Press releases represent an element of facing such challenges, as the messages are an important vehicle for the organization to disclose organizational activities to the public.

Three themes emerged: offender conviction, impression management and crime deterrence. Offender prosecution followed by offender conviction is at the core of Økokrim's business. Impression management serves the purpose of emphasizing the important role of the national authority in society. The subjective perception of detection and prosecution by potential offenders can be influenced by crime deterrence messages.

Press releases are signals that may be interpreted in other ways.

When politicians are to review national authorities, they may want a slightly different serious fraud office.

The deterrence effect is often not real for alleged white-collar crime.

Understanding a national authority in terms of its focal concerns based on press releases from the authority.