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Graded honeycombs are materials that exhibit better energy absorption performance compared to uniform honeycombs without adding additional weight. This paper introduces a novel modularized graded honeycomb into a commercial crash box to improve its crashworthiness.

A modularized graded honeycomb is inserted into a commercial crash box to develop a novel crash box. Finite element analyses are conducted to investigate the crashworthiness. Pareto cumulative influence analysis is conducted to rank the effects of design parameters on crashworthiness. A surrogate model-based multi-objective optimization is carried out to improve energy absorption while limiting the impact peak force. An optimal Pareto solution set is obtained.

Modularized honeycomb-filled crash box outperforms that of its corresponding uniform honeycomb-filled crash box and empty crash box in resisting impact. Pareto cumulative influence analysis reveals that for most crashworthiness indicators, cell-wall thicknesses of crash box tube contribute the most, followed by average relative density and graded coefficient of modularized honeycomb (MH). Graded coefficient contributes nearly 10% on mean force and maximum displacement, but it has insignificant influence on peak force and weight. Optimization results show that the optimal designs can not only absorb more energy but also limit the peak force compared with those of uniform honeycomb-filled crash box.

This paper fills a MH into a commercial crash box to propose a novel crash box and demonstrates the positive impact of modularized design on crashworthiness compared with that of uniform honeycomb-filled crash box. Moreover, modularizing honeycomb does not change the weight of the filler, and thus, the novel crash box would benefit development of crash box with lightweight and excellent energy absorption capacity.

With the rise of digital construction, using organizational capabilities to improve project performance in a turbulent environment has become critical for the high-quality development of the construction industry. However, the complex relationships among them remain unclear. Therefore, this study explores these linear relationships under the digital construction mode and reveals the driving mechanism of multi-factor linkage on project performance.

Data were collected from 263 project participants in digital construction projects in China using a questionnaire. Hypothesis testing was conducted using partial least square structural equation modeling, and the differentiated patterns of project performance formation were revealed through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis.

Organizational information technology, innovation, coordination, integration management and emergency management capabilities improve project performance. Environmental turbulence is a positive moderator between coordination capabilities and project performance, while other capabilities do not align with environmental turbulence. The research obtained five equivalent configurations for achieving high project performance, such as “capability layout” and “internal driven,” and two paths that lead to non-high project performance. Finally, in contrast to existing studies, we discovered the outstanding contribution of emergency management capabilities to project performance and the auxiliary effect of information technology capabilities.

This study innovatively integrates a dimensional framework of construction project organizations’ capabilities under a digital construction mode and extends the organizational capabilities to the specific and operational capability dimension level. Furthermore, this study opens the “black box” of the influence of organizational capabilities on project performance in environmental turbulence and reveals the differentiated and equivalent configurations for the formation of project performance. The study broadens the theoretical perspective of organizational capabilities on project performance research in the digital context and provides practical enlightenment for guiding the capability configuration of construction project organizations in a turbulent environment. The study broadens the theoretical perspective of organizational capabilities on project performance research in the digital context and provides practical enlightenment for guiding the capability configuration of construction project organizations in a turbulent environment.

By comparing and contrasting the two scenarios of power producers investing in renewable energy and electricity sellers investing in renewable energy, we explore the conditions under which profit growth and carbon emission reduction can be realized, and provide a theoretical basis for decision-making on renewable energy investment by electric power companies as well as for government policy formulation.

This paper constructs a game model of a grid supply chain consisting of a leader generator and a follower seller in the context of the C&T mechanism, considering two scenarios in which the generator and the seller invest in renewable energy. Conclusions are drawn by comparing and analyzing the equilibrium solutions in different scenarios.

The scenario where electricity sellers invest in renewable energy exhibits a higher investment volume compared to the scenario involving power generators. In scenarios where power producers invest in renewable energy, electricity sellers achieve lower profits than power generators, while scenarios with electricity seller' investments yield higher profits for them. Increasing the cost coefficient of renewable energy investment reduces investment volume, electricity prices and electricity demand, leading to decreased profits for electricity seller but increased profits for power generator. A rise in the preference coefficient for renewable energy results in increased profits for electricity seller but decreased profits for power generator.

Addressing a literature gap in the context of low carbon, this study examines the investment scenario of electricity sellers in low carbon technologies, complementing existing research focused on power generators and consumers. The findings enrich knowledge in low carbon investment. By analyzing the investment decisions of both power producers and electricity sellers, this study explores the practical implications of renewable energy investments on the decision-making and operational dynamics of power supply chain enterprises. It sheds light on their profitability and investment strategies.