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This paper aims to examine whether firms’ environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance indicates higher quality internal controls. The authors argue that commitment to high ESG performance is indicative of a commitment to quality corporate governance and impactful ESG practices are presumed to be achieved when pursued within a system of strong internal controls.

The authors obtain financial and ESG-related information for firms on the Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE)-350 for the years 2010–2018. Following prior literature, the authors use audit report lag as a measure of auditor effort. Controlling for various factors that proxy for audit clients’ inherent risk, the authors hypothesize that the remaining variance in audit report lag is related to audit clients’ control risk, and test whether ESG performance explains some of that remaining variance. To measure ESG performance, the authors use two variables to proxy firm’s ESG performance, an ESG disclosure score and being listed on the FTSE4GOOD index. Thomson Reuters provides a weighted average and industry adjusted ESG disclosure score. The FTSE4Good listing status was manually collected. Random-effect GLS panel regression model is used to estimate relationships. The authors reran their regressions using the generalized linear model and the two-stage least square model and the authors used an industry adjusted audit report lag and the lagged value of ESG and FTSE4GOOD to ensure the robustness of the results.

Regressing audit report lag on different measures of ESG performance, the authors find that better ESG performance is associated with lower audit report lag. The results remain consistent when replacing ESG with FTSE4Good and applying alternative econometrical techniques. The authors also find that female board representation facilitates lower audit report lag.

This study provides an alternative methodological approach to indicate firms’ internal control quality. In addition, auditors can benefit from firms’ ESG performance/disclosure to assess their client’s governance, internal control quality and project that on the audit risk and the level of effort required.

This study aims to explore the relationship between foreignness and CEO pay.

This study combines cross-sectional and time series observations analyzed with panel data methodology in a sample of 59 firms listed in the Spanish IBEX-35 index between 2006 and 2020.

International ownership influences CEO underpayment and foreign sales influence CEO overpayment.

CEO pay is susceptible to being influenced by foreign non-American variables. An appropriate understanding of these factors can contribute to discussing policies that balance the level of CEO payment in large public firms.

Research on internationalization and CEO pay is scarce. A handful of studies confirm the link between Americanization and executive compensation in Europe. However, the authors still do not know if the level of CEO pay is influenced by non-American exposure. To do this, the authors test the effect of firm – ownership, sales, board – and individual – CEO – exposure to international, non-US environments on the level of over/underpayment of CEOs in a sample of Spanish firms.

Explorar la relación entre la extranjería y la remuneración de los CEO.

Combinamos observaciones transversales y de series temporales analizadas con metodología de datos de panel en una muestra de 59 empresas del índice IBEX-35 español entre 2006 y 2020.

La propiedad internacional influye en la remuneración insuficiente de los CEO y las ventas en el extranjero influyen en la remuneración excesiva de los CEO.

La investigación sobre la internacionalización y la remuneración de los CEO es escasa. Un puñado de estudios confirman el vínculo entre la americanización y la remuneración de los ejecutivos en Europa. Sin embargo, todavía no sabemos si el nivel de remuneración de los CEO está influenciado por la exposición no estadounidense. Para ello, probamos el efecto de la exposición de la empresa (propiedad, ventas, consejo) y del individuo (CEO) a entornos internacionales, no estadounidenses, sobre el nivel de sobre/insuficiente remuneración de los CEO en una muestra de empresas españolas.

La remuneración de los CEO es susceptible de verse influenciada por variables extranjeras no estadounidenses. Una comprensión adecuada de estos factores puede contribuir a discutir políticas que equilibren el nivel de remuneración de los CEO en las grandes empresas públicas.

Explorar a relação entre estrangeirismo e remuneração de CEO.

Combinamos observações transversais e de séries temporais analisadas com metodologia de dados em painel em uma amostra de 59 empresas listadas no índice espanhol IBEX-35 entre 2006 e 2020.

A propriedade internacional influencia o sub pagamento de CEO e as vendas no exterior influenciam o super pagamento de CEO.

Pesquisas sobre internacionalização e remuneração de CEO são escassas. Alguns estudos confirmam a ligação entre americanização e remuneração de executivos na Europa. No entanto, ainda não sabemos se o nível de remuneração de CEO é influenciado pela exposição não americana. Para fazer isso, testamos o efeito da exposição da empresa - propriedade, vendas, conselho - e individual - CEO - a ambientes internacionais, não americanos, no nível de super/sub pagamento de CEOs em uma amostra de empresas espanholas.

A remuneração de CEO é suscetível a ser influenciada por variáveis estrangeiras não americanas. Uma compreensão adequada desses fatores pode contribuir para discutir políticas que equilibram o nível de remuneração de CEO em grandes empresas públicas.

The case portrays an actual organization, real people and an authentic marketing situation. Both primary and secondary data were used to develop the case. Interviews with the company’s founders were a major source of primary data. Email exchanges with the company’s leadership were used to verify and elucidate details within the case and instructor’s manual. Other primary data included direct observations of how maize was milled, sold in the marketplaces and cooked into various staple foods. Secondary data about the company were obtained from the company’s website, social media (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram) and articles in the press. Information on the company’s operating environment was derived from published government reports. The authors also drew on secondary data about the statistics, practices and issues involved in maize production and the agro-processing industry in Ghana.

This case features Sahel Grains Ltd, an agro-processing company based in Ghana, West Africa, striving to grow its maiden product, Faast Mmori. This ready-to-cook corn dough provides a more hygienic and convenient way of preparing local meals, compared to the traditional method, which involves taking maize grain to the local mill facilities and paying to have it milled before cooking. Alternatively, consumers purchase corn dough from the markets to make traditional meals. Since the company launched the product in Kumasi in 2018, sales have grown with the augmented street sales promotion and expanded distribution in premium supermarkets such as Shoprite and Citydia. However, starting in November 2020, the sales seemed to plateau with dwindling new customers, and the monthly dough sales in Kumasi dropped for the first time in December 2020. Although the sales regained positive growth, they then started to lose momentum.

In this scenario, Kofi, the CEO and co-founder, is considering marketing strategies to catalyze growth. Students assume the role of Kofi and are asked to recommend growth strategies to move the company forward. In doing so, they must scan the market environment and analyze the product’s market positioning. More importantly, they are challenged to develop strategies for managing growth.

This case is intended for undergraduate students in an introductory course in marketing, management, entrepreneurship and business in general. It introduces students to key marketing concepts, such as market environment scanning, positioning, product life cycle and market growth strategy.

The purpose of the research is to investigate the impact of affective and emotional experiences on organizational learning in highly dynamic and chaotic environments, specifically in the context of the COVID-19 crisis.

Based on an intensive 12-month inductive study, 24-project managers and 16 team members from biopharmaceutical organizations were interviewed and a thematic analysis was conducted.

Three themes emerged from the findings: (1) developing affective maturity as a socio-emotional resource, (2) mixed-motive emotional dynamics and (3) meaning-oriented organizational identification and commitment. The context of the COVID-19 crisis provided an unconventional performance environment.

Our study has several limitations, offering avenues for future research. Firstly, our focus on biopharmaceutical organizations, with their unique socio-cultural influences and management styles, may limit the generalizability of our findings to other sectors and institutional contexts. However, regulatory mechanisms in this sector may align with knowledge-based sectors, emphasizing the influence of organizational values and best practices. Secondly, our reliance on a posteriori interview data limits real-time observation of organizational learning (OL) processes. Future research could employ diverse data sources and survey methods for corroboration. Additionally, cross-cultural studies might explore how different societies respond to crises. Multi-level perspectives could also enhance understanding of affective experiences and their impact on OL outcomes.

The study contributes new insights into OL through its focus on how affective experiences and affective organizing efforts shape OL. We offer a novel and emergent theoretical model of OL in the context of trauma which has implications for organizations particularly in the areas of information processing and decision-making.

This paper aims to present findings from a preliminary study aimed at investigating sustainability practices and managerial perceptions within European luxury tourism companies. The study addressed two key research questions: What is the present state of sustainability practices in the luxury tourism sector? What are the managers' perspectives and the prevailing trends in the adoption of sustainable approaches?

The study used a mixed methods approach to gather data from a diverse range of European luxury tourism companies. The survey and the interview of companies’ representatives encompassed various organisational types engaged in different tourism activities, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of sustainability practices within the sector. Organisational characteristics, such as size, turnover and location, were considered to ensure a representative sample.

The findings of the study reveal a robust commitment to environmental, social and economic sustainability across the luxury tourism industry. Despite variations in organisational characteristics, including size, turnover and location, the study identified a lack of significant differences in sustainability practices, indicating a noteworthy homogeneity within the sector. The findings also show that a high percentage of companies hold sustainability certifications and share an emphasis on authenticity, local engagement and economic profitability.

The study's sample size may limit the generalisability of the findings. A larger sample size would enhance the study's robustness and allow for more comprehensive insights into sustainability practices within the luxury tourism sector. The study's focus on European luxury tourism companies may limit its applicability to other regions or contexts.

This study contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into sustainability practices and managerial perspectives within the European luxury tourism sector. The study offers original insights into the current state of sustainability in luxury tourism and highlights opportunities for further research and refinement of sustainability initiatives within the sector.

本文介绍了一项初步研究的结果, 该研究旨在调查欧洲豪华旅游公司的可持续发展实践和管理观念。该研究解决了两个关键的研究问题：豪华旅游业可持续发展实践的现状如何？在采用可持续方法方面, 管理者的观点和当前趋势是什么？

该研究采用混合方法从各种欧洲豪华旅游公司收集数据。调查和对公司代表的采访涵盖了从事不同旅游活动的各种组织类型, 从而可以全面探索该行业的可持续发展实践。考虑了组织特征, 如规模、营业额和地点, 以确保样本具有代表性。

该研究的结果表明, 整个豪华旅游业对环境、社会和经济可持续性做出了坚定的承诺。尽管组织特征（包括规模、营业额和地点）存在差异, 但该研究发现可持续发展实践缺乏显著差异, 表明该行业内部存在值得注意的同质性。调查结果还显示, 很高比例的公司持有可持续发展认证, 并强调真实性、当地参与度和经济盈利能力。

这项研究的样本量可能会限制研究结果的普适性。更大的样本量将增强研究的稳健性, 并使我们能够更全面地了解豪华旅游行业的可持续发展实践。该研究对欧洲豪华旅游公司的关注可能会限制其对其他地区或环境的适用性。

本研究通过提供对欧洲豪华旅游业可持续发展实践和管理视角的见解, 为现有文献做出了贡献。该研究为豪华旅游的可持续发展现状提供了原创见解, 并强调了进一步研究和完善该行业可持续发展举措的机会。

Este artículo presenta las conclusiones de un estudio preliminar destinado a investigar las prácticas de sostenibilidad y las percepciones de los directivos en las empresas europeas de turismo de lujo. El estudio abordó dos preguntas clave de investigación: ¿Cuál es el estado actual de las prácticas de sostenibilidad en el sector del turismo de lujo? ¿Cuáles son las perspectivas de los directivos y las tendencias predominantes en la adopción de enfoques sostenibles?

El estudio utilizó un enfoque de métodos mixtos para recopilar datos de una amplia gama de empresas europeas de turismo de lujo. La encuesta y la entrevista a los representantes de las empresas abarcaron varios tipos organizativos dedicados a diferentes actividades turísticas, lo que permitió una exploración exhaustiva de las prácticas de sostenibilidad dentro del sector. Se tuvieron en cuenta las características organizativas, como el tamaño, el volumen de negocio y la ubicación, para garantizar una muestra representativa.

Los hallazgos del estudio revelan un sólido compromiso con la sostenibilidad medioambiental, social y económica en todo el sector del turismo de lujo. A pesar de las variaciones en las características organizativas, incluidos el tamaño, la facturación y la ubicación, el estudio identificó una falta de diferencias significativas en las prácticas de sostenibilidad, lo que indica una notable homogeneidad dentro del sector. Las conclusiones también muestran que un alto porcentaje de empresas poseen certificaciones de sostenibilidad y comparten el énfasis en la autenticidad, el compromiso local y la rentabilidad económica.

El tamaño de la muestra del estudio puede limitar la generalización de las conclusiones. Una muestra de mayor tamaño mejoraría la solidez del estudio y permitiría obtener una visión más completa de las prácticas de sostenibilidad dentro del sector del turismo de lujo. El hecho de que el estudio se centre en empresas europeas de turismo de lujo puede limitar su aplicabilidad a otras regiones o contextos.

Este estudio contribuye a la bibliografía existente al ofrecer una visión de las prácticas de sostenibilidad y las perspectivas de gestión dentro del sector europeo del turismo de lujo. El estudio ofrece una visión original del estado actual de la sostenibilidad en el turismo de lujo y destaca las oportunidades para seguir investigando y perfeccionando las iniciativas de sostenibilidad dentro del sector.

Despite the acknowledged significance of the relationship between audit fees and corporate philanthropic initiatives, the existing literature has not yet reached the desired level of providing explicit evidence on how this relationship can be moderated by board gender diversity. This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing debate by using a panel data set comprising 905 Chinese listed firms over a five-year period from 2015 to 2019.

To generate solid findings and overcome the potential endogeneity bias, various econometric estimators, namely, ordinary least squares, two-step generalized method of moments, robust two-stage least squares and subsample analysis, have been carefully used. More interestingly, the study’s results remain consistent across different estimation methods.

The results reveal a statistically significant positive link between audit fees and corporate charitable giving. More interestingly, this connection strengthens with a higher representation of women directors on the board, particularly when there are three or more female directors. Furthermore, the results suggest that nonstate-owned firms exhibit greater motivation to participate in charitable giving initiatives compared to state-owned counterparts.

Stakeholders from various groups should attentively recognize the importance of gender-diverse boards as a dynamic factor impacting the association between audit fees and corporate charitable giving.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the crushing majority of the preceding research has not delved deeply into the critical role of board gender diversity in the relationship between audit fees and corporate charitable donations. Hence, this study provides a profound understanding of how audit fees predict corporate philanthropic initiatives.

Wine consumption is declining, while cannabis use among young adults in Germany has surged. With new laws partially legalising recreational cannabis, advocates claim it could replace alcohol, offering health benefits and cost savings. However, concerns remain that cannabis might increase alcohol consumption and associated health risks. Despite recognition of both substitute and complementary relationships between cannabis and alcohol, data on the cannabis–wine relationship is scarce. This study aims to understand the motivations behind wine and cannabis consumption, segment wine drinkers by those motives, profile wine drinkers who also consume cannabis and determine whether wine and cannabis act as substitutes or complements across distinct consumer groups.

The authors conducted an online survey using random sampling and used cluster analysis to identify consumer segments based on motivations for wine consumption. Exploring various variables, including consumption motives, behavioural patterns and socio-demographics, the authors also examined cannabis consumption among wine drinkers.

This study surveyed 523 German wine drinkers aged 20–60 years, including 215 cannabis users. Four consumer segments emerged: “adaptive conformists”, “expansive strategists”, “self-conscious hedonists” and “ambivalent drinkers.” Three segments preferred wine for social and enhancing effects. “Adaptive conformists”, the group with the most cannabis users, sought negative reinforcement like conformity or coping. The “adaptive conformists” and “expansive strategists” show the tendencies of a complementary cannabis–wine relationship.

This study pioneers the use of the Marijuana Motives Measure scales, developed by Simons et al. (1998), within the motivational framework by Cox and Klinger (1988) and Cooper et al. (2015), for wine drinkers. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is also the first to categorise wine drinkers into segments based on MMM scales for both wine and cannabis and segment wine consumers using cannabis.

Over some 20 years, the popularity of competitive bodybuilding has increased significantly in India, along with an increase in sponsorship and professionalism in the organisation of events. Multiple competitions are now held at city/town, state, and national levels, organised by a vast range of organisations. The popularity of the sport follows the arrival of muscular bodies in Indian cinema and the attendant rapid growth of the country’s fitness industry. However, what is required for a bodybuilding competition on-stage is not necessarily the same as what actors showcase in movie scenes, specifically orchestrated to underline bodily accomplishments. Nor may it be what clients are after when they enter a gym. This chapter examines how Indian bodybuilders who often make a living as personal trainers navigate different bodily ideals. It foregrounds the notion of ‘muscular capital’ to deepen the understanding of what value a bodybuilder’s body might hold on and off stage and how it is perceived by others. Building on extensive fieldwork in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, this chapter seeks to move beyond the mere economic dimensions of bodybuilding and instead gives prominence to the sociocultural aspects of the body as they reflect an array of different (post colonial) demands and expectations.