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This study aims to reexamine the moderating role of human capital on the effect of extended financial inclusion (FI) for entrepreneurship, using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for a sample of 42 countries from 2006 to 2017.

This study distinguished between actual and perceived human capital. Actual human capital was measured through formal education while perceived human capital was captured by self-perceived capabilities for business start-ups. The moderating role of human capital was captured by the interaction terms between FI and human capital to investigate how the effects of FI on entrepreneurship vary with levels of human capital. The estimation used the panel-corrected standard error estimators and the two-step system generalized method of moments estimators.

Higher levels of formal education decrease the positive effect of extended FI on entrepreneurial activities. Individuals with high levels of self-capability do not leverage FI for entrepreneurial activities as much as those with lower levels of perceived capability. The results are robust to different estimation methods and different forms of actual human capital.

Both financial and human capital matter for new business formation worldwide. The findings suggest that FI policies must account for the decreasing effect in response to high levels of human capital. Future research should explore different measures of entrepreneurial performance, various types of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship across gender groups to gain deeper insights into strategies for promoting entrepreneurship.

Education strategies should focus on specific types of education, such as entrepreneurship education with financial literacy, rather than traditional academic curriculum, to foster entrepreneurship knowledge, skills and creativity. Likewise, entrepreneurship support schemes should aim to nurture and share appropriate levels of self-efficacy, avoiding excessively high self-efficacy, which is deleterious to the benefits of FI for entrepreneurial activities.

This study offers novel evidence of the decreasing effects of FI on entrepreneurial activities in response to increased actual and perceived human capital.

Blockchain-based traceability technology (BTT) is an emerging digital technology that claims to have the potential to fulfil the demand for traceability to safeguard fruit safety. Drawing on the technological, organisational and environmental (TOE) framework, this study aims to investigate the perceived facilitators and barriers that influence the behavioural intentions of multiple stakeholders in the Vietnamese fruit supply chain (i.e., farmers, trading enterprises and consumers) to adopt BTT.

This study utilised a qualitative approach of semi-structured in-depth interviews with 60 stakeholders in the Vietnamese fruit supply chain to achieve the research objectives. NVivo 12 was employed to analyse the collected data using content and thematic analysis.

The findings identify several perceived facilitators that motivate BTT adoption. These include trust, transparency, business performance, the formation of alliances, consumer awareness of food safety and ethical agricultural practices, fruit branding and the pivotal role of farmers' cooperatives. Meanwhile, the perceived barriers to BTT adoption include a lack of digital literacy amongst the stakeholders, poor organisational culture, the high cost of traceability-enabled products and data privacy and security governance.

This study suggests that technology awareness and perceived facilitators and barriers should be incorporated into the design and deployment of blockchain-based traceability technology in the agri-food supply chain in developing countries.

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first qualitative paper that attempts to fill the research gap of understanding the perceived facilitators and barriers that influence the intentions of multiple stakeholders in the fruit supply chain to adopt BTT in the context of a developing economy.

Using energy economically and efficiently is essential to ensure national energy security, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and preventing climate change. Household appliances consume considerable energy, so choosing energy-efficient is to consuming energy economically and efficiently. The research applies the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to empirically investigate factors affecting consumers’ purchase intention toward energy-efficient household appliances (EEHA) in Ho Chi Minh City (HCM). The chapter develops both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method is conducted with five in-depth interviews to get more consumer insight, verify the research model, and elaborate the questionnaire. The quantitative method with 300 consumers living in HCM is used to address the research question. The primary data are collected via a web-based questionnaire and analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics 20 and Amos 20. The research indicates that attitude, subjective norm (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), past purchase experience (PPE), and economic benefit (EB) have significant positive impacts on consumers’ purchase intention. EB has the most significant impact. Nonetheless, consumers’ purchase intention is not significantly impacted by their level of environmental knowledge (EK). Besides, PPE and EBs positively impact attitude and indirectly affect purchase intention, while EK does not. Based on the empirical results, some recommendations are drawn for policymakers to promote energy-efficient household appliance consumption by citizens, thereby ensuring national energy security and promoting environmental protection. Implications to help manufacturers improve products in the right direction and make wise investment decisions and distributors/retailers to understand consumers in HCM are also suggested.