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This study aims to delve into the impact of the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) on the well-being and quality of life of beneficiaries in Surat City of India. Employing correlation and regression analyses, the study uncovers significant correlations between Awareness, Healthcare Utilisation, and Financial Burden Reduction with well-being outcomes.

The investigation employs a structured questionnaire to gather data from 250 beneficiaries, exploring the relationships between Awareness, Healthcare Utilisation, Financial Burden Reduction, Well-Being and quality of Life. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire using a survey method.

The results highlighted the crucial role of Awareness in empowering beneficiaries to make informed healthcare decisions, positively influencing their well-being. Furthermore, the study underscores how active engagement with PMJAY's healthcare services enhances well-being. The mitigation of financial burdens emerges as a pivotal factor, signifying the program's efficacy in improving beneficiaries' quality of life.

The comprehensive model presented in this study reveals that PMJAY's multifaceted approach is pivotal in promoting enhanced well-being and quality of life among beneficiaries. These findings affect public health policies seeking to create holistic interventions that holistically address vulnerable populations' healthcare access, financial burdens, and overall well-being.

The foreign direct investment (FDI) motivations of emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) are mainly twofold: acquisition of strategic assets in foreign markets, and foreign market penetration. While prior studies have delivered valuable insights, findings regarding the performance of those two types of FDI remain somewhat inconsistent or inconclusive. This study aims to develop complementary perspectives that can motivate scholars to explore the internal mechanisms of achieving goals for these two FDI types by providing a review of prior literature on EMNEs’ knowledge- and market-seeking FDI.

Indexed to the EBSCO database and Google Scholar from 2000 to 2020, 73 articles from 13 journals were selected and reviewed to identify the main research future research agendas.

Our findings show that the purpose of EMNEs’ FDI can be divided into value creation and value capturing, with the former pursuing knowledge-seeking and the latter pursuing market-seeking, according to our study, which draws on insights from innovation-focused literature.

International business (IB) scholars have extensively studied both knowledge-seeking and market-seeking outward FDI of EMNEs for decades. Our study contributes to the literature by providing the potential for integrating IB and innovation studies to extend the scope of EMNEs studies.

With an emphasis on spatial health disparities, this study examines how COVID-19 has affected healthcare access and inequality in India. The study developed the Healthcare Access Index (HAI) and Healthcare Inequality Index (HII) to assess the pandemic’s effects on healthcare. The study addresses spatial health disparities in healthcare access and inequality, filling gaps in the literature. The final aim of the study is to offer policy suggestions to lessen healthcare inequities in India, particularly in the context of COVID-19.

The study incorporates secondary data from publicly accessible databases such as the National Family Health Survey, Niti-Ayog and Indian Census databases and employs a quantitative research design. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare access and healthcare inequality in India is examined using the HAI and the HII. The five dimensions of healthcare access – availability, accessibility, accommodation, cost and acceptability – were used in developing the HAI. The study uses a panel data analysis methodology to examine the HAI and HII scores for 19 states over the pre-COVID-19 (2015) and post-COVID-19 (2020) periods. In order to investigate the connection between healthcare access, healthcare inequality and the COVID-19 pandemic, the analysis employs statistical tests such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, factor analysis and visualization analysis.

According to the study, COVID-19 impacted healthcare access and inequality in India, with notable regional inequalities between states. The pandemic has increased healthcare disparities by widening the gap between states with high and low HII ratings. Healthcare access is closely tied to healthcare inequality, with lower levels of access being associated with more significant levels of inequality. The report advises governmental initiatives to lessen healthcare disparities in India, such as raising healthcare spending, strengthening healthcare services in underperforming states and enhancing healthcare infrastructure.

For Indian healthcare authorities and practitioners, the study has significant ramifications. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a main focus on addressing geographic gaps in healthcare access and inequality. The report suggests upgrading transportation infrastructure, lowering out-of-pocket costs, increasing health insurance coverage and enhancing healthcare infrastructure and services in underperforming states. The HAI and the HII are tools that policymakers can use to identify states needing immediate attention and appropriately spend resources. These doable recommendations provide a framework for lowering healthcare disparities in India and enhancing healthcare outcomes for all communities.

The study’s originality resides in establishing the HAI and HII indices, using panel data analysis and assessing healthcare inequality regarding geographic disparities. Policy choices targeted at lowering healthcare disparities and enhancing healthcare outcomes for all people in India can be informed by the study’s practical consequences.