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The paper examines the effect of language negativity of US financial analysts’ ancestral origins on their earnings forecast behavior.

The paper first developed a dictionary of the most emotionally negative words in 25 languages, based on the study by Dodds et al. (2015). The authors constructed firm-year analyst-level earnings forecast data and applied multivariate regression model along with a series of robustness tests to examine the research question.

The empirical results indicate that financial analysts with their ancestral countries characterized by a high level of language negativity tend to issue less optimistic earnings forecasts than other analysts. Additional evidence suggests that the effect of language negativity on analysts’ forecast is strengthened (1) during periods of financial crisis, (2) for firms with losses and a high level of earnings volatility and (3) for younger analysts and analysts working for small brokerage firms. Finally, we find evidence that higher levels of language negativity increase analysts’ forecast accuracy.

Collectively, the findings of this study support the conjecture that the level of negativity across languages can have a significant impact on capital market participants’ behavior. Thus, the study sheds light on how culturally inherited emotion can affect analysts’ earnings forecast properties.

The purpose of this article is to determine the regional economic factors and bank characteristics that significantly contribute to changes in bank liquidity. We also seek to identify regions that may be most susceptible to liquidity tightening.

For this article we use data on deposits from commercial banks, Federal Reserve survey data and indicators of regional and agricultural economic conditions. We specify a panel regression with fixed effects to model how liquidity at agricultural banks has changed and to identify the most significant drivers.

Our results suggest that small banks and banks with branch networks located in areas more concentrated in agricultural production bear the greatest risk of reduced liquidity.

Prior to the pandemic and more recently, lower deposit growth, combined with strong demand for agricultural loans, has led to reductions in liquidity at agricultural banks. Lower liquidity could reduce credit availability for farm borrowers and increase risks for banks that must rely on alternative sources of funding to meet loan demand.

Previous research has shown that exogenous shocks from other economic sectors, such as energy, can significantly affect bank liquidity, but research is limited on how agricultural bank liquidity is affected by downturns in the agricultural economy and other regional economic factors. Another contribution is this paper’s analysis of regional disparities in bank liquidity.

This study undertakes a comparative analysis of the regulatory framework for sharia-compliant financial technology (fintech) in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations. The purpose of this study is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of this regulatory framework as well as enhance opportunities and best practices. This study also investigates the potential impact of Islamic fintech on financial inclusion in the GCC nations.

This study uses a qualitative research methodology, including semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in the Islamic fintech industry, such as entrepreneurs, investors, regulators and policymakers. This study recruited interview participants from the Islamic fintech industry in GCC countries, including Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar and Kuwait.

This study’s main finding is that Islamic fintech has the potential to promote financial inclusion in GCC countries. According to this study’s findings, Islamic fintech provides a more ethical and accessible alternative to traditional banking services, particularly for individuals and businesses that are underserved or excluded from mainstream financial services.

This study has practical implications for policymakers and regulators in GCC countries, providing valuable insights for promoting the growth and development of the Islamic fintech industry while ensuring that the regulatory framework is conducive to its growth. This study contributes to the broader literature on regulatory frameworks for fintech by highlighting the need for regulatory frameworks to adapt to technological advances in the rapidly evolving fintech field.

This study derives originality and value from a comparative analysis of the regulatory framework for Islamic fintech in GCC nations and its prospective impact on financial inclusion.