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This study aims to synthesize existing findings in the gig worker training literature and identify the training rationales adopted by these studies, using a synthesized framework of organizational training rationales. This study seeks to delineate the rationales behind gig worker training and highlight unaddressed training needs within digital platforms, ultimately proposing a research agenda for future studies in this area.

A systematic review methodology is adopted to synthesize and analyze empirical, peer-reviewed studies on gig worker training.

The systematic review reveals that competency and economic rationales are predominantly adopted in gig worker training studies, with the relationship rationale, common in traditional training, notably absent. This study also outlines seven future research directions to highlight identified challenges and unaddressed training needs.

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first work that systematically reviews existing findings on gig worker training.

Contract Manufacturers (CM, factory) can cultivate factory brand products by imitating Original Equipment Manufacturers' (OEM, brand owner) National Brand products, and compete with OEM through the online retailer, that is, factory encroachment. In practice, few consumers can identify the quality of those two products in the online market. Implementing blockchain technology (BTI) can help all consumers identify product quality but may change the operation decisions and incur implementation costs. This study aims to explore how will the BTI strategies affect participants' operation performance under the factory encroachment and delve into the decisions regarding NB product quality and CM encroachment.

This study constructs a three-level outsourcing supply chain comprising one contract manufacturer (CM, factory), one original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and one online retailer. By utilizing the Stackelberg game, the authors first compared the results between two strategic decisions of BTI and no-BTI by online retailers under the factory encroachment scenario. Then, the NB product quality decision and the CM's encroachment decision are also investigated.

BTI strategy can benefit all participants (triple win), which both occurs in exogenous and endogenous quality cases, and the triple win area will expand (shrink) as the BTI cost decreases (increases). In addition, the OEM will improve product quality to confront competition from the CM, and the OEM may not always benefit from the BTI, it depends on the maturity of the market. Interestingly, BTI could improve the consumer surplus when the proportion of novice consumers is low. Finally, this study also investigates the extended case that CM always encroaches into the market whether the online retailer choose BTI or not, which hurts OEM's profit and decreases the product quality.

This study sheds light on the strategic decisions of online retailers' BTI regarding supply chain members' profits, consumer surplus and social welfare under factory encroachment. It also demonstrates that the BTI strategy, under different quality decisions (endogenous and exogenous), can be more profitable for chain members and consumers.

The main aim of this paper was to investigate the possibility of obtaining green sustainable asphalt mixes by using two different recycled materials: reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and crumb rubber (CR) from scrap tyres. With the numerous environmental and social benefits brought about, the use of modified hot mix asphalt and warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures should be the focal point of the construction policies in developing countries. Adaptation of this solution would result in an economical and sustainable green pavement with high resilience and safer workspace area with less fumes and odours for asphalt workers.

Experimental work-testing one control mix and modified design mixes, which have been modified either by RAP, CR, a WMA additive or any combination of the latter three products.

From the different test results, it can be rightly concluded that the addition of CR and RAP do enhance the properties of asphalt mixes to a varying degree. While CR adds a certain flexibility to the mixes and reduces the voids present, the presence of RAP has an amplified effect on stability, especially when coupled with rubberised WMA.

Marshall method still used as opposed to Superpave method in developing countries (Mauritius, Jordan here in).

A study for Tropical Island and its uniqueness to add to present knowledge.