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There is a growing awareness in today's organizations of the gap between existing digital technologies and those arising from digital innovation that contribute to reducing work exhaustion. However, no comprehensive framework has been proposed for the importance of adopting digital innovation in reducing work exhaustion. The purpose of this paper is to provide a holistic view by proposing a model for the importance of adopting digital innovation technologies and their role in reducing work exhaustion in Iraq as a developing country, and the model was proposed based on the theory of technology-organization-environment and diffusion of innovation.

To collect data, an electronic questionnaire was designed for a survey conducted on 183 Iraqi firms in the industrial sector. For data analysis, the structured equation model was used through the (AMOS. 26) program.

The results revealed the importance and significance of the study model in adopting the cloud of things (CoT) as one of the techniques of digital innovation in reducing work exhaustion.

The authors can conclude that the adoption of the CoT in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can have a positive impact on the performance of the employees. The adoption of the CoT may provide SME managers with an opportunity to effectively manage various roles and responsibilities. While there were many limitations that this study faced, the authors focused on one type of digital innovation dynamics, which is the CoT, as they must focus on other technologies.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first studies in Iraq as a developing country that explains how emerging digital innovation can be leveraged to create innovative digital products and services as a CoT technology and subsequently lead to the reduction of work exhaustion. It also fills the literature gaps related to adoption factors of digital innovation and their role in reducing work exhaustion.

The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of perceived healthcare service quality (human aspects, technical aspects and tangible aspects) on satisfaction and guest loyalty in the hotel industry in the COVID-19 pandemic era.

A total of 130 guests in the hotel were selected purposively in Iraq. Data from self-administered questionnaires were analyzed through the VB-SEM statistical technique using Smart-PLS software towards testing the hypotheses.

The findings indicated that perceived service quality influences satisfaction and guest loyalty of guests in the hotel. This study reveals that human aspects, technical aspects and tangible aspects directly positively affect satisfaction and guest loyalty in the hotel industry.

This study highlights that perceived service quality (human aspects, technical aspects and tangible aspects) are vital and practical strategic tools that could be positioned to accelerate guest loyalty in the hotel industry. Furthermore, satisfaction mediates the relationship between human aspects, technical aspects, tangible aspects and guest loyalty.

Dietary supplements are important in improving maternal health and birth outcomes during pregnancy. This study aims to assess women’s knowledge about the benefits, sources and proper intake of dietary supplements during pregnancy.

This cross-sectional study was conducted among women at Jordan University Hospital in Amman, Jordan from July to October 2023.

A total of 448 women completed the questionnaire. Analysis of the results showed that among all questions, participants perceived sufficient knowledge about dietary supplements' beneficial effects. Around 50% of the participants did not recognize the importance of vitamin B12 and vitamin A. Most participants identified that iron supplements should not be taken with dairy products, coffee, tea, calcium and antacids. Most participants did not know the source of vitamin A (82.1%), and only 44% knew the correct source of vitamin B12. Less than half of the participants recognized the appropriate administration time for each dietary supplement.

The knowledge level of the interaction between iron and food, natural sources of vitamins and their benefits was high, less than half of the participants showed poor knowledge about the proper time to take the dietary supplement. Patient education and counseling is important to improve health outcomes.

Tourism, Technology and Climate Change: The tourism industry is indispensable both for its socio-cultural offerings and its profound economic implications. The economic multiplier effects inherent in the drivers of tourism can stimulate the regional economy even before these areas emerge as tourism meccas. While vast amounts of research have detailed tourism's overarching significance, there is an evident void in understanding its multifaceted impacts, particularly where technological advances, environmental performance (EP) and economic benefits converge. A thorough examination of 907 research records led to this chapter, which identifies these gaps by referencing nine observational and 11 intervention studies. Achieving a Cohen's kappa value of 0.75, the authors note a strong consensus among reviewers, adhering to Cohen's (1940) standards. The findings from the first quarter highlight several areas within the tourism industry that have been under-researched. Particularly, the integration of technology, from ATM infrastructures enhancing tourist financial experiences to digital platforms elevating traveller education and awareness, and tech-driven solutions addressing demographic and ethical considerations in tourism, remains insufficiently explored. Additionally, the authors recognise an existing gap in knowledge regarding the nexus between tourism development and its climatic repercussions, especially before tourism ventures are fully realized. This chapter aims to channel future research into these lesser-trodden areas, fostering a comprehensive grasp of tourism's evolution in the face of rapid technological advancements and its interplay with environmental shifts.

The purpose of this study is to investigate individuals’ perceptions and behavior when dealing with misinformation on social media platforms. While misinformation is not a new phenomenon, the COVID-19 outbreak has accelerated its spread through social media outlets, leading to widespread exposure to false or misleading information. This exposure can have serious consequences on individuals’ decision-making and behavior, especially when it comes to critical decisions related to education or healthcare. The use of social media as a source of information makes it essential to understand how people perceive and respond to misinformation to develop effective strategies for mitigating its harmful effects.

This large-scale study explores the Omani individuals’ perceptions and behaviour of misinformation on the social Web in a series of studies that seek to enhance the authorities’ response to misinformation. The study adopted a quantitative approach to collect data. Using WhatsApp as a social networking platform, a survey was disseminated to capture participants’ perceptions and behaviour among different segments of citizens in Oman.

The findings showed that Omani participants have high verification skills, implying high information literacy skills among them. Additionally, results indicated that misinformation had created doubt and anxiety among the participants. Moreover, it hindered many participants’ ability to take countermeasures and obtain reliable data.

This study was a large-scale study conducted in Oman, making it one of a few studies conducted in the region about perceptions and behaviour towards misinformation. The findings help to understand how different cultures interacted with COVID-19 misinformation. In addition, these findings offer useful insight that can help health information professionals to design preventive resources that help people to obtain accurate information during crises.

In an era where technology rapidly reshapes society, Kuwait stands at the forefront of digitalization and the realization of smart cities. This chapter examines the impact of this technological revolution across diverse sectors within Kuwait. From integrating digital infrastructure in urban development to the role of social media in political, health, and corporate realms, it provides a comprehensive exploration of digitalization’s influence. The chapter begins by highlighting Kuwait’s $10 billion investment in 2024, marking a significant step toward becoming a smart city. It investigates the evolving role of social media in political campaigns, demonstrating how digital platforms shape political narratives and voter behavior. In public health, the chapter underscores the Kuwaiti government’s strategic use of social media to disseminate vital health information, particularly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, influencing public behavior and community engagement. Furthermore, the discussion focuses on Kuwait’s Vision 2035, examining how governmental social media campaigns mold public perception and awareness. The chapter also explores the private sector, showing how companies leverage social media for innovation, performance enhancement, and talent acquisition. Additionally, it scrutinizes the influence of social media on political candidates’ brand personalities and voter behavior, providing insights into digital political communication dynamics. Finally, the chapter addresses the surge in online shopping during emergencies, discussing its implications for e-commerce, consumer behavior, and the challenges it presents in terms of infrastructure, cybersecurity, and the digital divide.

Introduction: Based on the given experiences, many government institutions failed in their strategic management and planning for managing COVID-19. Meanwhile, when a crisis disrupts a system, institutions lose their direction and fail to make necessary responses.

Purpose: The current study highlighted the impact of social justice and modern governance in providing equitable healthcare services and dealing with crises during the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries.

Methodology: Cross-country analyses were used based on captured secondary data. We evaluated several indices, including, for example, Crisis Index Indicators, Worldometers, and the Global Health Security (GHS) Index 2019.

Findings: According to the GHS (2019) data, public health service delivery equity was ineffective, socially unjust, and unfair treatment was experienced in the context of the conflict-affected countries. Most conflict-affected countries (Iraq, Nigeria, Afghanistan, and Venezuela) did not have guidelines or public reports committing to providing prioritized healthcare services to the public and healthcare workers. The experience of conflict-affected countries has shown that healthcare disparities still exist. While many governments in conflict-affected countries failed to give equitable access to healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic to the public.

The Metaverse holds vast amounts of user data, making it essential to address threats to its confidentiality, integrity and availability. These threats are not purely technological, as user actions and perceptions, shaped by psychological factors, can influence cybersecurity challenges. Thus, a holistic approach incorporating technological and psychological dimensions is crucial for safeguarding data security and privacy. This research explores users’ cybersecurity behavior in the Metaverse by integrating the technology threat avoidance theory (TTAT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB).

The model was assessed using data collected from 746 Metaverse users. The empirical data were analyzed using a dual structural equation modeling-artificial neural network (SEM-ANN) approach.

The main PLS-SEM findings indicated that cybersecurity behavior is significantly affected by attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, perceived threat and avoidance motivation. The ANN results showed that perceived threat with a normalized importance of 100% is the most significant factor influencing cybersecurity behavior. The ANN results also showed that perceived severity with a normalized importance of 98.79% significantly impacts perceived threat.

The novelty of this research stems from developing a unified model grounded in TTAT and TPB to understand cybersecurity behaviors in the Metaverse. Unlike previous Metaverse studies that solely focused on measuring behavioral intentions or user behaviors, this study takes a step further by evaluating users’ cybersecurity behaviors. Alongside its theoretical insights, the study offers practical recommendations for software developers, decision-makers and service providers.

This chapter uses data from the Scopus database to present a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of fintech research, focusing on publication trends, citation patterns, and thematic clusters within the field. The analysis reveals notable trends, including influential publications, prolific authors, and their affiliations. It identifies and explores publications categorized into 23 distinct themes, representing key areas of inquiry in fintech, such as technological advancements, financial inclusion, innovation, data analytics, sustainability, and regulatory compliance. The study also identifies research gaps, indicating areas within fintech that have received limited scholarly attention. These findings provide valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry practitioners. Researchers can better understand the fintech landscape, identify research gaps, and guide future inquiries. Policymakers can develop effective regulations and policies based on identified trends and challenges. Industry practitioners can leverage fintech developments to enhance their strategies and operations.

Nanofluids enhance heat transfer due to the inclusion of nanoparticles, but the exact reasons remain debated. Limited nanoscale experiments hinder understanding. To investigate the thermal effects of nanoparticles, understanding nanoparticle aggregation kinetics is crucial. Nanoparticles have applications in various industrial fields. This study compares the effects of nanoparticle aggregation and non-aggregation in a nanofluid flow influenced by an inclined magnetic field around an expanding or shrinking cylinder, incorporating the generalized Fourier law with a prescribed surface temperature.

The model problem is solved numerically with the bvp4c finite difference collocation method, known for its accuracy.

Graphs and tables illustrate how key factors affect velocity and thermal fields. The results revealed that for stretching flows, fluid velocity increases with higher nanoparticle concentrations and velocity slip, while shrinking flows show opposite trends. The drag force decreases with rising Hartmann numbers and nanoparticle volume fraction, irrespective of aggregation. Surface drag is more affected by aggregation than non-aggregation in both shrinking and expanding cases. The study also validates the proposed model.

Before this, numerous attempts discussed aggregation and non-aggregation separately on a deforming cylinder. Nevertheless, no study has yet assessed the impact of a slanted magnetic field on comparing the effects of nanoparticle aggregation versus non-aggregation in nanoliquid flow over a deformable or shrinking cylinder. This seems to be the first attempt to compare nanoparticle aggregation versus non-aggregation in nanoliquid flow.