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Universities worldwide benefit significantly from the presence of international students although previous research has predominantly focused on their economic impact rather than acknowledging their substantial cultural and academic contributions. This chapter aims to bridge this gap by investigating the dual impact of international students on academics and culture in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, with a specific focus on two universities in Oman. The research employs semi-structured interviews conducted with both local and international students. The findings underscore a mutually beneficial exchange and contribution between local and international students, extending beyond the confines of classrooms into extracurricular activities. While positive interactions and shared learning experiences are evident, the study also sheds light on existing tensions, such as discrimination and negative perceptions of certain cultural elements. Through these insights, this chapter aims to guide both local and international universities in effectively fostering inclusive and diverse activities that promote academic and intercultural competence among students.

This study investigates the influence of nonfinancial 8-K disclosures released during the earnings announcement window on the abnormal trading activities of individual investors.

We employ regression analysis in this empirical study to examine the impact of nonfinancial 8-K filings on individual investors' abnormal trading activities.

Our results reveal that individual investors exhibit higher levels of abnormal trading activities when firms release nonfinancial 8-Ks during the (0,1) window of earnings announcements. This effect is observed for both buyer-initiated and seller-initiated transactions and is particularly pronounced for firms reporting an operating loss. Negative sentiment in 8-Ks significantly intensifies such effect. Additionally, we find that buy-sell consensus increases significantly with concurrent nonfinancial 8-Ks. This suggests that 8-Ks may reduce information noise, leading individuals to trade with greater conviction.

Our study examines the joint influence of nonfinancial 8-Ks and earnings announcements on individual investors' trading activities, thereby providing a novel perspective on the mechanisms through which 8-K filings affect individual investors' trading behaviors.

How can managers reduce information asymmetry in dyadic manager-external stakeholder relationships in a complex and evolving environment? Addressing this question has significant implications for firm survival, growth, and competitive advantage.

We have adopted a multiparadigm approach to theory building, known as metatriangulation. We integrate the dynamic capabilities, sensemaking, and evolutionary theory literatures to theorize how managers can relate to stakeholders in a complex and evolving environment.

We propose, via a conceptual framework and three propositions, “evolutionary sensemaking” as the managerial metacognitive dynamic capability that helps managers hone their understanding based on the evolutionary changes in the stakeholder’s interpretations of information quality preferences. The framework unfolds across three evolutionary stages: sensing preferences' variation of the stakeholder, seizing preferences, and transforming for complexity alignment and retention. The propositions focus on managing complexity in stakeholder information quality preference, employing cognitive capabilities to simplify, interpret, and align interpretations for effective information asymmetry reduction.

To develop the metacognitive dynamic capability of evolutionary sensemaking, managers need to train for and foster the underlying complex cognitive capabilities by enhancing their (1) perception and attention skills, (2) problem-solving and reasoning skills, and (3) language, communication, and social cognition skills, focusing specifically on reducing the complexity embedded in stakeholder cognition and diverse stakeholder preferences for information quality. Contrary to the current advice to “keep things simple” and provide “more” information to the stakeholders for opportunism reduction, trust-building, and superior governance, our framework suggests that managers hone their cognitive capabilities by learning to deal with the underlying complexity.

The proposed framework and propositions address research gaps in reducing information asymmetry. It enriches the dynamic capabilities literature by recognizing complexity (as opposed to opportunism) as an alternative source of information asymmetry, which needs to be addressed in this stream of research. It extends the sensemaking literature by identifying the complexity sources – i.e. stakeholder preferences for diverse information quality attributes and the associated cognitive preference interpretation processes. The article enhances evolutionary theory by delving into microprocesses related to information asymmetry reduction, which the existing literature does not thoroughly investigate.

Taiwan’s hotel industry was adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to examine the effect of strategic choices by Taiwanese international tourist hotels before and during the pandemic environments.

A data envelopment analysis (DEA)-based Malmquist methodology is used in this study to provide a mechanism to assess Taiwanese hotel strategy performance. Changes in the productivity and performance of Taiwanese international tourist hotels were analyzed in the periods before and during the pandemic to uncover insights useful should a similar crisis occur in the future. Panel data were obtained from the annual report of international tourist hotels published by the Taiwan Tourism Bureau from 2017–2020. Two groups of hotels were analyzed in this study: city hotels and scenic hotels.

The findings of this study reveal that chain hotels tended to perform better than independent hotels in both city and scenic areas during the global pandemic. Specifically, the crisis caused a substantial decline in productivity and profitability for international tourist hotels in Taipei City during the COVID-19 period. Compared to city hotels, findings also indicate that most international tourist hotels in scenic areas were able to maintain better productivity, including larger-sized scenic hotels.

The DEA-based analysis provides unique and valuable insights for hotel firm leaders on how to better identify and make strategic choices when responding to future crises.

The goal of this article is to introduce the notion of a grey relation between grey sets using grey numbers.

This study uses the grey number to create novel ideas of grey sets. We suggest several operations that can be performed on it, including the union, intersection, join, merge, and composition of grey relations. In addition, we present the definitions of reflexive, symmetric, and transitive grey relations and analyze certain characteristics associated with them. Furthermore, we formulate the concept of the grey equivalence relation, apply it to the study of the grey equivalence class over the grey relation, and go over some of its features.

We present new algebraic aspects of grey system theory by defining grey relations and then analyzing their characteristic features.

This paper proposes a new theoretical direction for grey sets according to grey numbers, namely, grey relations. This paper proposes a new theoretical direction for grey sets according to grey numbers, namely, grey relations. As such, it can be applied to create rough approximations as well as congruences in algebras, topologies, and semigroups.

The presented notions are regarded as new algebraic approaches in grey system theory for the first time. Additionally, some fundamental operations on grey relations are also investigated. Consequently, different types of grey relations, such as reflexive, symmetric, and transitive relations, are discussed. Then, the grey equivalence class derived from the grey equivalence relation is demonstrated, and its properties are examined.

While much attention has been given to work-related factors influencing turnover intention through affective commitment, little focus has been directed to non-work factors affecting the service industry. Hence, this study aims to investigate the impact of links, fit and sacrifice, representing off-the-job embeddedness in the community, on turnover intention in the hospitality industry of Ghana: Sub-Sahara Africa using the theory of conservation of resources (COR) and social exchange. The model has been extended to include affective commitment as the mediating mechanism.

A multi-wave technique was used to collect data through a questionnaire from 341 full-time frontline hospitality employees in Ghana. The responses were analysed using AMOS software structural equation modelling.

The findings show that links, fit and sacrifice significantly influence employees’ turnover intentions. Moreover, it has been observed that affective commitment decreased the negative relationship and partly mediated the main relationship between the dimensions of off-the-job embeddedness and turnover intention.

The study’s results and academic, practical implications and limitations are discussed for future research.

This study emphasises the theory of COR to demystify community factors employees deem as valued resources, which lighten up their commitment to their organisation and decrease their intent to leave.

The use of digital channels to promote products and services is experimenting with an unprecedented boom in promotion and communication marketing campaigns; airports such as Los Angeles (IATA: LAX) in the United States, Orlando International (IATA: MCO) in the United States, Schiphol Amsterdam (IATA: AMS) in the Netherlands or Changi airport (IATA: SIN) in Singapore are pioneers and recognised experts in marketing communication and technical aspects of promotion campaigns. The brand image of airports is a great opportunity to universalise loyalty marketing and price promotion for airport business portfolios. For this reason, in this chapter, we speak about neuromarketing science, which is a marketing discipline that uses medical techniques to understand how our central nervous system reacts to marketing stimuli. This is helping companies and airports get more consumer insights through digital channels.