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After briefly presenting the composition of the Scottish independence movement, this chapter examines the sources of fragmentation within it, at the level of goals, ideology and strategy. All movement organisations share a common goal of independent Scottish statehood, but they understand independence in different ways and support different degrees of independence both from the United Kingdom itself and from two major international organisations, namely the EU and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). At the level of ideology, the movement organisations all claim to belong to one or both of two ideological families: the nationalist family and the wider left family (including its socialist, social-democratic and ecological branches). If the whole movement is united in its identification with the left, it is however divided in the way it envisages nationalism and positions itself in relation to it. Finally, although the whole movement is united in backing both a legal path to independence and institutional strategies, the most significant sources of fragmentation in the Scottish independence movement have been strategic. Alongside gender self-identification, internal divisions over what strategy to adopt to reach the movement's goal of independence were among the main reasons behind the birth of new parties in the early 2020s. This chapter concludes that assessing the extent to which the Scottish independence movement is united or fragmented is a question that can only be answered in a chronological manner.

The purpose of this study was to explore the leadership competencies that are effectively transferring into the workplaces of recent military college alumni from both their curricular and co-curricular experiences.

Through semi-structured interviews, this study explored 15 military college alumni’s perspectives on the leadership competencies they developed in college and currently apply in the workplace.

The findings indicated the 15 military college alumni participants developed and applied the following student leadership competencies at work: productive relationships, helping others, supervision, empathy, ethics, functioning independently, resiliency, positive attitude and scope of competence.

Limited research explores leadership learning at military colleges and service academies in the United States. Yet these collegiate military environments have a missional focus on leadership education and development. This article highlights the importance of the alumni lens in assessing leadership learning in collegiate military environments and provides recommendations to administrators of this institution type.

The Third Sector has been receiving increasing attention from society, including academics, due to its importance in the face of the lack of government responses to many of the social problems that affect contemporary societies. Theoretically, the State is supposed to highlight the importance of the services provided by Social Solidarity Institutions, given their proximity to the beneficiaries, the efficiency in the distribution of resources and their innovative attitude towards social problems and needs. As a logical consequence, society is witnessing an increase in the participation of the private sector in social issues and a greater professionalisation of the Third Sector in the search for sustainability. Within the Third Sector, Social Solidarity Institutions play a very important role, acting as social actors. Within the environment of Social Solidarity Institutions, the Misericórdias also play a very important role. ‘Misericórdia’ is a non-profit institution that takes a form of charity, very popular in some countries, such as Italy and especially in Portugal. However, there are few studies on the governance conditions of this type of institution. In addition, it is possible to discuss whether there is any study that focuses specifically on this type of analysis. This study fills the empirical gap in the existing literature, providing an insight into the ways of adopting governance practices and principles within these institutions, which over five centuries of existence have continuously worked towards a more just, inclusive and supportive society.

Public and scholarly recognition of the problem of child abuse and neglect in sport and dance contexts has grown substantially over recent years in response to the surge of testimonials of harms experienced by participants in these contexts. This recognition has led to a growing body of research that addresses the problem of maltreatment and has contributed to the proliferation of safeguarding initiatives to prevent and address maltreatment in children's sport and dance settings. However, given the criticisms of these initiatives and the recognition that childhood and child maltreatment are socially constructed, we argue that more nuanced, context-specific approaches to understanding experiences of maltreatment and safeguarding are needed. Drawing on theoretical frameworks developed in child protection and social work literature, we argue that more diverse approaches to safeguarding are needed, and that contextual specificity will influence the relevance and effectiveness of prevention and intervention measures. Further, the safe and authentic elicitation and implementation of children's perspectives is necessary to advance our understanding of maltreatment and the development of effective safeguarding measures. Future research and practice need to safely engage with the perspectives and ideas of the children who are at the centre of sport and dance safeguarding initiatives. Finally, we propose that the current focus on the prevention of harms in dance and sport organisations ignores other critical aspects of safeguarding including how we ensure that children experience optimal participation conditions to have the best possible outcomes.

This content analysis examines the historical representation of Margaret Sanger within trade books. From the framework of the historiography, this paper unpacks how common curricular resources depict an American icon with a complicated past.

In this paper, the author conducted a content analysis of biographies and expository compilations featuring Sanger. The entire data pool were sampled and analyzed.

The trade books, particularly the biographies, historically represented Sanger in most categories. Sanger's international direct action and eugenics were two misrepresented areas. Expository compilations, with more limited space than biographies, contained more omissions and minimized or vague depictions of key areas. Findings did not appear dependent upon date of publication.

This study explores an icon of America's free speech battles and birth control rights at a time when culture wars are shaping current events. No researchers have previously explored Sanger's historical representation within trade books.

This paper systematically reviewed research on accounting fraud in the non-profit organisation (NPO) sector during 2004–2024 to identify gaps in theory and practice with the aim of producing a new parsimonious global fraud model.

This paper utilised a structured literature review methodology.

We propose a new holistic approach for the NPO sector worldwide, with two foci of “what may contribute to fraud” and “what may prevent fraud”.

The future research agenda for the new holistic approach is provided.

The approach helps donors promote accountability and transparency in the NPO sector worldwide, thereby sustaining the development of this sector.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first comprehensive worldwide fraud research review, making distinct contributions. Globally, the approach is the first dedicated to the NPO sector, including different stages of fraud occurrence (undetected, suspected, actual/detected and future), and using a multi-disciplinary approach to prevent these stages. The approach is also the first to incorporate individual-level, organisational-level, industry-level and country-level factors into predicting future fraud.

This study aims to investigate the complex dynamics of sports sponsorship within the context of mixed martial arts (MMA). Specifically, it explores how audience attitudes toward MMA influence their perceptions of players and sponsors, and subsequently, how these attitudes affect brand perceptions and purchase intentions. Furthermore, this research examines the moderating effect of fans' attitudes toward MMA on the relationship between their attitudes toward sponsors and their purchase intentions. MMA was selected as the focus of this study due to its propensity to evoke more intense emotional responses than other sports, as evidenced by previous research.

Study 1 was conducted to systematically assess the emotional responses elicited by MMA. This preliminary study involved 277 participants. Building on the findings from Study 1, Study 2 employed an online survey to investigate the relationships among various constructs related to MMA. This survey was facilitated through an external portal and included a sample of 459 participants residing in the United States. The constructs measured in this survey were attitudes toward the player (ATP), attitudes toward the sponsor (ATS), perception of brand quality (PBQ), purchase intention (ITP) and attitudes toward mixed martial arts (ATM).

The study reveals that respondents rated MMA the most negatively among the analyzed sports, with the highest standard deviation, indicating that MMA evokes extreme emotional responses. The findings confirm that attitudes toward the player positively influence attitudes toward the sponsor, aligning with sponsorship-linked marketing theory. Moreover, positive attitudes toward the player were found to enhance perceptions of the sponsor’s brand quality. The research further demonstrated that attitudes toward the sponsor and perceptions of brand quality mediate the relationship between attitudes toward the player and purchase intentions, underscoring the complex nature of consumer decision-making in MMA sponsorship.

This research provides novel insights into the critical role of audience engagement and personal connection with sports in formulating effective sponsorship strategies. It emphasizes the need for marketers to tailor their approaches to align with the sport’s personal significance to the audience, employing narratives that resonate with their identities and values. Enhancing player-sponsor associations through co-branded campaigns and endorsements is essential. Furthermore, consistently maintaining high product quality and fostering emotional connections with the sport are key strategies to drive increased purchase intentions.

The process of ending mental health support is often not well-attended to in practice or research, and clinicians in UK mental health services lack focused clinical guidance in this area. This paper aims to report on a service evaluation that sought to understand from clinicians working in a single adult community mental health team (CMHT) their experiences of discharge and issues arising in the process, factors considered in decision-making and what constitutes “good” endings and what support could be helpful to them in navigating this with clients.

Semi-structured interviews were completed with six members of the multi-disciplinary team and analysed thematically.

Clinicians described a range of criteria considered in discharge decision-making. Collaboration, planning and preparation were represented as key ingredients for “good” endings. Factors viewed as complicating discharge included complexity and changes in presentation, psychosocial contexts and re-referrals. Perceptions of clients’ feelings (resistance and dependence, fear and anger, relief and gratitude) and varying feelings evoked for clinicians (from little or no reported impact, to pride and confidence, sadness and worry) at the ending of the working relationship were reported. Suggested organisational supports for clinicians with endings and discharges involved opportunities to consult with colleagues, psychological formulation and advice and reflective supervision.

There has been limited empirical attention to practitioner experiences of discharge in the work of CMHTs in a UK context; this practitioner-led evaluation explored clinician perspectives.