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The purpose of this study was to explore potential witnesses' memories for a day that was experienced an unremarkable. There may be instances in an investigation in which all leads have been exhausted, and investigators use a broad appeal for witnesses who may have witnessed something important. Investigators can benefit from knowing the types of information that may be recalled in such circumstances, as well as identifying specific methods that are effective in eliciting useful information.

The present study explored how the delay to recall and recall method influenced the recollection of a seemingly unremarkable day that later became important. Participants were asked to recall an experienced event that occurred either recently (a few weeks prior) or in the distant past (a year prior). Participants recalled via either a written method, in-person individual-spoken or collaborative-spoken interviews.

Results suggest an independent benefit for individual-spoken in-person recall (compared to written or collaborative-spoken recall) and recall undertaken closely after an event (compared to delayed recall). Both individual-spoken interviews as well as more recent recollection resulted in a greater number of overall details recalled. The authors further examined the types of details recalled that might be important to progressing an investigation (e.g. other witnesses and records).

The present work provides important implications for interviewing witnesses about a seemingly unremarkable event that later became important.

The case was motivated after listening to Dr Heather Westphal’s leadership journey as a President of State University of North State (SUNS), Somerville. Several subsequent interviews were conducted with Heather, and she also became the chief protagonist of the case. Heather provided multiple quotes and anecdotes. The protagonist Heather and the focal organization (SUNS, Somerville) are disguised. However, the material facts of the case are authentic. Data were collected from public sources and SUNS, Somerville administration. Some of the data have been jittered to maintain anonymity yet keep the authenticity of the lesson.

The case exposes students to a female leader of a higher education institution in the USA. Various aspects a high-level executive must consider when deciding on career moves have been explored. Furthermore, the case draws attention to some extra particulars women leaders must consider during career transitions. The case study then dives into how a leader sets goals, executes them and repeats the process to set new goals. Two types of situations are covered – the first is where planning is followed by execution and the other is a crisis where not much planning can be done. Students will also get a glimpse into how leaders remain fit physically and mentally, as they conduct their duties in high-stress situations. Exposure to mental fitness is especially pertinent in today’s day and age where mental fatigue and issues because of work-related strain are a significant concern. Finally, the case presents students with a decision the leader is facing regarding the direction of the institution – Should she keep it traditional, go nontraditional (online) or become a hybrid?

This case is designed to target undergraduate juniors or seniors in strategy and leadership courses. The course could also be suitable for strategy students of nonprofit and not-for-profit management. It could be taught in the latter half of the course after the basic concepts have been covered. Students will be able to apply the knowledge of the core courses of management and strategy in this case. Hence, this case can act as an integrative case that brings together multiple disciplines and focuses on the leadership of a large institution.

The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of cross-hedging strategies in the Iberian natural gas market by leveraging international benchmarks. These strategies aim to mitigate local price volatility amid significant market disruptions, including geopolitical events and fluctuating demand and supply dynamics.

This study uses futures prices from the Dutch Title Transfer Facility (TTF) and the UK National Balancing Point (NBP) as proxies for cross-hedging strategies in the Iberian natural gas market. The hedging ratios are estimated using minimum variance, a specification proposed by Ederington and Salas (2008), and the BEKK model. Furthermore, a cross-hedging model is used to evaluate combinations of incumbent and alternative futures contracts.

TTF and NBP are effective in mitigating price volatility in the Iberian natural gas market. TTF is identified as the more robust option due to its high liquidity and integration within European markets. Both TTF and NBP demonstrate a strong influence on local spot prices, with Granger causality results.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study presents the first empirical evidence on the effectiveness of using TTF and NBP futures contracts as hedging tools in the Iberian natural gas market, a region characterized by lower liquidity and unique regional challenges. It addresses a gap in the existing literature by focusing on cross-hedging strategies in less mature European markets.

This paper aims to examine whether a green premium exists in the banking industry in Chinese financial market and then further explores the impact of the 2019 policy revision on the green premium. Additionally, this study explores whether and how the 2019 policy revision affected the performance as measured by net interest spreads and profitability of banks that subsequently issued green bonds.

This study utilizes data on green bonds issued by banks in the Chinese market to illustrate that green bond benefit from lower coupon rates by using OLS method, attributable to investors’ recognition of governmental support for such initiatives. The policy effect is analyzed by the difference-in-difference method and the robustness checks using an amalgamated data set and propensity score matching techniques confirm the overall findings.

Banks that issue green bonds pay lower coupon rates on those bonds and the 2019 policy revisions further decrease green bond coupons, thereby augmenting the net interest spreads of banks issuing green bonds and enhancing their profitability performance. A so-called “green premium” exists for banks in China that issue green bonds. These results underscore investors’ heightened confidence in banks showcasing loan policies supportive of the green industry, reflecting an increased emphasis on sustainability considerations.

Most of the current green bond and sustainability studies focus on the manufacturing sector; this paper sheds light on the under-discussed support from financial institutions. Unlike other traditional financial institutional research focusing on market power and bank-firm relations, this paper investigates the policy effects, which are especially interesting in the context of Chinese financial market, since most of the financial institutions are state-owned enterprises (SOEs).

In the current landscape of the beverage market, craft beer has secured a prominent position, attracting consumers seeking high-quality products with distinctive characteristics. This study aims to identify the key drivers of consumer preferences for craft beer attributes.

Conjoint analysis and cluster segmentation were employed to analyze the preferences of 351 Italian craft beer consumers.

The preferences of a representative sample were analyzed to identify the utilities associated with various beer attributes, including colour, alcohol level, body, raw material origin and price. The findings indicate that colour is the most highly valued attribute, followed by price and alcohol level. Consumers prefer beers with a lighter colour, a moderate alcohol level between 5 and 7% and an affordable price. Furthermore, beers that emphasize the Italian origin of raw materials are appreciated, demonstrating a strong link with local identity. The segmentation of the sample into three clusters revealed significant differences in preferences. The first cluster preferred light beers at medium prices, the second for amber beers at low prices and the third opted for dark and full-bodied beers.

The findings of this study provide valuable insights for craft beer producers seeking to refine their marketing strategies and product development. Producers can better meet consumers’ evolving preferences by better understanding the diverse needs of consumers and optimizing their offerings in an increasingly competitive market.

This study explores the effects of relative size on target executive turnover, and how acquiring managers can promote the retention of key employees through procedural justice, informational justice and corporate commitment.

Multiple regression analysis is used to analyze relationships across 113 domestic acquisitions from 2008 to 2014 using both primary and secondary data.

Results indicate that target executives are more likely to depart the combined firm in deals of greater relative size, but that acquiring executives can initiate actions to minimize turnover. Results show that acquiring executives that demonstrate procedural justice and informational justice can minimize turnover in deals of larger relative size while acquiring executives that demonstrate corporate commitment to the acquisition can minimize turnover regardless of firm size.

Literature on target executive turnover currently examines why such turnover occurs and the consequences of turnover. Building upon the theory of relative standing, this study provides evidence that target executive turnover is increased in deals of larger relative size, but that acquiring managers can initiate actions to prevent such turnover. Specifically, procedural justice, informational justice and corporate commitment during integration are found to have minimizing effects on target executive turnover.

People with intellectual disabilities are at a significantly higher risk than the general population for experiencing a wide range of adverse and potentially traumatic events. This paper aims to explore the incidence of experiences of lifetime trauma across this population in one Forensic Intellectual Disability Service. Risk management recommendations and psychological risk formulations were also examined for their consideration of traumatic experiences.

Risk assessment reports (n = 39) were reviewed for evidence of traumatic experiences and the consideration of trauma in patient risk formulations and risk management treatment recommendations.

Trauma was rated as present or partially present in 84.6% (n = 33) of risk assessment reports reviewed. None of the patients had received a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. Recommendations regarding trauma were identified in 39.4% (n = 13) of the risk assessment reports where trauma was rated either “present” or “partially present”.

Findings suggest a need for diagnostic tools to be used to measure trauma symptoms and potential cases of PTSD to best support needs of patients. Trauma-focused interventions should also be considered. Further investigation is needed to clarify the disparity between the consideration of trauma in formulations and treatment recommendations.

This study highlights the different traumatic experiences that forensic patients across three settings have been exposed to during their lifetimes.

This paper examines how U.S. consumer intentions to adopt hemp vary across product types using the theory of planned behavior (TPB).

Data were collected via an online survey of U.S. residents in 2022 (n = 1,948). Two-step structural equation modeling is used to examine how TPB constructs and background factors influence intent to use five different hemp-based products: cannabidiol (CBD), clothing, food, personal care products, and pet products. Data are analyzed using R.

Positive attitudes towards all categories of hemp-based products increase the probability of adoption, while subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have limited and varied significant influence across product models. Age has a consistent significant and negative influence on adoption.

Findings highlight consumer segmentation and marketing opportunities, inform hemp stakeholder decision-making, and provide directions for future research. Given the absence of explanatory power of SN and PBC on most product models and the diversity of products and nuanced U.S. hemp policy, future research could investigate expanded iterations of TPB. Using revealed behavior could also highlight potential intention-behavior gaps and offer more robust insights for hemp stakeholders.

Findings contribute to a limited body of information on markets and consumer demand for hemp in the U.S.

Mental health champions (MHCs) and young health ambassadors (YHAs) are two innovative public health interventions. MHCs are practitioners who work in schools and other youth settings and aim to be the “go to” person for mental health in these settings. YHAs are a linked parallel network of young people, who champion mental health and advocate for youth involvement, which was co-produced with young people across all stages of development implementation. This paper aims to identify the potential benefits, barriers and facilitators of these interventions.

Semi-structured qualitative interviews (n = 19) were undertaken with a purposive sample of n = 13 MHCs, and n = 6 YHAs, between June 2021 and March 2022. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, anonymised and then analysed following a thematic approach. Ethical approval was granted by Newcastle University’s Faculty of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee.

The findings are organised under five key themes: motivating factors and rewards for MHCs and YHAs; outcomes for children and young people (CYP) and others; impact on youth settings and culture; facilitators of successful implementation; and implementation challenges and opportunities.

These findings are intended to be of relevance to practice and policy, particularly to those exploring the design, commissioning or implementation of similar novel and low-cost interventions, which aim to improve mental health outcomes for CYP, within the context of youth settings.

The interventions reported on in the present paper are novel and innovative. Little research has previously been undertaken to explore similar approaches, and the individual experiences of those involved in the delivery of these types of interventions.

This study discovers the perceptions and preferences of Chinese fans of the European major football leagues. China has a large potential sports consumption market, and football has the largest number of fans among all the sports in China. Knowing the needs of foreign fans would help the leagues to decide the most efficient and competitive strategies.

The research involves quantitative methods and analysis to show the Chinese fans’ attraction to different football leagues in Europe. The principal component analysis (PCA) is used to extract important factors of the survey data, and the multiple regression, ordinary least square (OLS) method is used to understand the contribution of different factors to the fan size. The outcomes of different performances of the leagues are compared to further evaluate the different strategies.

The results of the analysis show that Chinese fans tend to support clubs that offer more competitive matches. The market value of the club’s players is used as a mediating proxy indicator to evaluate the club’s competitiveness. Leagues with higher uncertainty around championship wins attract more followers. The findings suggest that league balance, champion–winner uncertainty and club competitiveness attract a larger fan base and raise league market value, both important factors in creating financially sustainable football leagues with robust product lifecycles. Fans prefer balanced leagues to monopolistic clubs.

Unlike most past football research involving quantitative analysis, this research uses quantitative analysis to discover the relationships between the sports factors and the fans' size. The empirical evidence could deliver more objective and robust results. The research further discusses and extends the importance of a balanced football league from the sports and league management aspects to the economics level.