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This study examined the impact of environmental factors on consumers’ intention to use buy online in-store returns (BORS) services. Specifically, it investigates how integrating environmental knowledge and consequence awareness into the theory of planned behavior (TPB) influences consumers’ intention to adopt BORS services.

Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using statistical methods to explore the relationships between attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, environmental factors and intention to use BORS services.

The findings indicate that attitude, subjective norm and environmental knowledge significantly increase consumers’ intention to use BORS services. Additionally, the interaction of attitude and environmental knowledge further enhances consumers’ intention to use BORS services.

This study contributes to the limited literature on the drivers of consumers’ adoption of BORS services by integrating environmental factors with TPB. It provides new insights into how targeted environmental education and promotion activities can influence consumers’ behavior toward sustainable practices, providing valuable strategies for retailers to support sustainable development goals.

This study aims to estimate the synergy effect of agricultural dual-scale management (ADM) on farmers' total household income, its heterogeneous effects and its mechanisms.

This study constructs a theoretical analysis framework based on the division of labor and synergy theory, empirically assesses the impact of ADM on farmers' income, and further discusses the heterogeneity and mechanisms using the propensity score matching (PSM) and quantile treatment effect (QTE) models. Data is collected from 1,076 households across 4 cities in Liaoning Province of China in 2021.

ADM can improve the total household income of farmers, and the impact force is greater than that of the single-scale management mode. ADM is more conducive to improving the income of farmers with low income and low labor endowment. Moreover, ADM can improve agriculture production efficiency, increase net grain production income. Nevertheless, it has no significant effect on farmers' off-farm employment income.

Previous studies have mainly focused on the income effect of land scale management or service scale management. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to identify the synergy effect of ADM on farmers' income in China. It provides new insights into the process of agricultural production and management mode transitions in rural China.