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The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it attempts to examine the impact of covid-19 outbreak on the volatility of stock prices, and then it investigates the moderating role of employee stock ownership on this relationship.

The study sample includes 108 French companies from the CAC All-Tradable index observed quarterly over a period from the first quarter of 2020 to the fourth quarter of 2022. The GMM estimator of the system in the context of dynamic panel data is used.

The findings show a positive impact of covid-19 pandemic on stock price volatility. Furthermore, the employee stock ownership has a negative moderating effect on the volatility-Covid-19 relationship. These results suggest that in times of crisis, investors have more confidence in companies with employee stock ownership plans than in those without.

These findings have strong implications for investors and provide guidance for regulators and policymakers. Indeed, companies with greater employee stock ownership (ESO) can better withstand the volatility induced by Covid-19. This highlights the beneficial role of employee involvement in a company’s governance, providing an interesting perspective on risk management and financial stability during times of crisis such as the current pandemic.

The present study is an extension of the existing literature from two perspectives. Firstly, it examines the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the volatility of stock prices of companies in all sectors, except the financial sector. Secondly, it aims to investigate the moderating effect of ESO on this relationship, which is the major contribution of this work. Indeed, to our knowledge, no study has examined the moderating role of ESO on Covid-volatility relationship, although such a moderating effect is theoretically presumed to exist.

This study aims to examine the association between workplace spirituality (WPS) and individual’s work engagement (WE) and also the mediating effect of individual’s psychological conditions [psychological meaningfulness (PSYM), psychological safety (PSYS) and psychological availability (PSYA)] on this relationship.

Grounded on Kahn’s personal engagement theory, a model has been developed with WPS as an independent variable, individual’s psychological conditions (PSYM, PSYS and PSYA) as the mediators and individual’s WE as the dependent variable. Based on the online responses from 510 millennial employees working in Fortune 500 manufacturing and service industries operating in India, analysis has been undertaken using confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation and PROCESS macro of Hayes (2017).

WPS has been noted to influence individual’s WE positively and there is a partial mediation of PSYM, PSYS and PSYA on this relationship.

The present study is able to extend the scope of Kahn’s personal engagement theory.

Leaders and HR administrators can use the framework to ensure positive engagement levels for the millennial workforce. It will also help to reduce job dissatisfaction and burnouts at the workplace.

The present study contributes to understanding WE through the lens of WPS. It adds to the existing knowledge by explaining the mediation of the psychological conditions between spirituality and WE among millennials working in India. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study can be considered one of the first studies that has attempted to understand the role of WPS and psychological conditions on WE levels of millennials.

The study investigates service quality in developing customer loyalty in Ghana’s auto detailing industry. The study also examines how customer satisfaction and service innovation indirectly and positively influence the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty.

A sample of 318 respondents, drawn from a convenience sampling method, was utilised for the analysis. Partial Least Squares (PLS) of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique was used to analyse the data to obtain results.

The study established a significant positive relationship between the tangibility dimension of service quality and customer loyalty; however, this influence is indirect through the mediation effect of customer satisfaction between service innovation and customer loyalty.

The study provides a useful guide for policy formulation and implementation by managers of auto detailing services to enhance customer loyalty as a basis of sustainable business performance.

The study is the first of its kind to investigate the role of service quality and customer loyalty being mediated by service innovation and customer satisfaction in the context of Ghana’s auto detailing industry.