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This study aims to develop a modelling framework of housing supply dynamics within the context of urban microsimulation systems. Housing markets have witnessed substantial investigation over recent decades, predominantly concerning residential demand. However, comparatively limited attention has been directed towards comprehending the housing supply dynamics. Housing policy disconnects with the developers’ market behaviours, which leads to significant mismatch between the housing construction and affordable housing needs of the population. Research attention should be made in comprehending the residential construction market activities. To address this gap, this study developed an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and analyzed the temporal evolution of housing construction.

An ARDL model was developed to address the issue of temporal modelling of the housing supply. An empirical study was conducted in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) based on a longitudinal housing starts data set from 1998 to 2020. The model integrates diverse variables, including macroeconomic conditions, property development costs, dwelling prices and opportunity costs. Notably, the model captures both the path-dependent effects stemming from supply market fluctuations and the temporal lag effect of influential factors.

The findings reveal that the supply-side’s responsiveness to market condition alterations may span up to 18 months. The model has reasonable and satisfying performance in fitting the observed starts. The methodological foundations laid will facilitate future modelling of housing supply dynamics.

This study innovatively separated the modelling of housing supply within the context of urban microsimulation, into two parts, the modelling of housing starts and completion. The housing starts are determined in a complex and regressive process influenced by both the micro-economic environment and the construction cost and housing market trends. Through the temporal modelling method, this study captures how long it would take for the housing supply to respond to multiple factors and provides insight for urban planners in regulating the housing market and leveraging various policies to influence the housing supply.

This study aims more than just assess the direct relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustained competitive advantage (SCA). It explores the subtleties of how these impacts might be amplified or altered by socially responsible leadership (SRL). The study emphasizes how important community service (CS) is mediating this complicated connection.

In this study, a survey instrument tailored for employees of Indian private multinational corporations (MNCs) and public sector undertakings/government organizations (PSU/Govt. Orgn.) was used. A total of 517 questionnaires were used for subsequent analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was then carried out on four self-reported scales to assess the discriminant validity of both samples. Subsequently, regression analysis was performed to check the effect of CSR on SCA, with CS acting as a mediator and SRL serving as a moderator.

The findings affirm that CS mediates the relationship between CSR and SCA. Simultaneously, SRL is identified as a moderator in the association between CS and SCA. The mediating role of CS in connecting CSR to SCA holds for both private and public sectors, highlighting the importance of community engagement. A notable observation is the limited prevalence of SRL among PSU/Govt. Orgn. respondents.

This study emphasizes the pivotal role of CSR in transforming companies into socially responsible entities, thereby augmenting corporate reputation and goodwill. Furthermore, the influence of SRL is highlighted as a moderator in the CSR−SCA relationship, impacting both private and public organizations. This research presents a conceptual framework of moderated mediation, shedding light on the complex relationship between CSR and SCA.

This study illuminates the importance of CS and SRL as critical elements in achieving SCA by recognizing a gap in current research. This distinctive perspective enhances the study's originality, providing novel insights into the intricate interplay between CSR, CS, SRL and SCA.