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The purpose of the this study is to discover the impact of practices of knowledge management, intellectual property protection and management innovation on entrepreneurial leadership, which in turn leads to sustainable growth in small and medium-sized enterprises.

The data was collected from 292 small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in the USA using a cross-sectional survey. To evaluate the study hypotheses and analyse the data, structural equation modelling was used. SMART-PLS software was used for both confirmatory factor analysis and structural analysis.

The work has significantly contributed in revealing that knowledge management practices, management innovation and intellectual property protection have a substantial and constructive impact on entrepreneurial leadership, which in turn leads to sustainable growth in SMEs.

The study findings recommend that SMEs must focus on knowledge management practices, intellectual property protection and management innovation to nurture entrepreneurial leadership, which can lead to sustainable growth. SMEs can benefit from investing in knowledge management practices, protecting their intellectual property and innovating their management practices to achieve sustainable growth. Also, the absorptive capacity of an SME can help it to aggravate the impact of the above factors and lead them to sustainable growth faster.

The current work studies the association between knowledge management practices, intellectual property protection, management innovation, entrepreneurial leadership and sustainable growth in SMEs, thus contributing to the literature. The study provides insights into the factors that can nurture entrepreneurial leadership and contribute to sustainable growth in SMEs, which can inform policy and practice in the field of entrepreneurship.

Hospital governance accountability structures in Iran, similar to other countries, have undergone various reforms with different goals. The current study aimed to identify the rules and regulations of the hospital governance structure in Iran and how they pay attention to accountability.

This qualitative document content analysis study was conducted using hospital governance structure documents in Iran using the Ready materials, Extract data, Analyze data and Distil (READ) document analysis framework. 2,921 documents were extracted from the official government websites of Iran. After screening, seven documents related to the hospital governance structure were selected. A directed content analysis approach was used. The findings were finally future purification matched with the original documents.

The findings showed that documents had not addressed the inclusive governance structure of the hospital comprehensively. The medical staff organization structure is not considered in the documents, and its duties are assigned to a technical or a clinical director. Most documents addressed financial accountability. The documents did not require the hospital’s governance to have an inclusive accountability structure. However, they paid more attention to the administrative and financial autonomy of hospitals.

Accountability is one of the most essential components in the hospital's governance structure. It can increase the success of hospital efficiency, effectiveness, vision and mission fulfillment. The study result can help health services policymakers and managers formulate better organization structure rules and regulations for hospital governance accountability.

This study is the first qualitative analysis of accountable governance structure documents in Iranian hospitals. We used the READ method as a comprehensive approach for document analysis.

This paper aims to examine the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and firm performance in Qatari non-financial firms over a nine-year period, including the period of high uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The study uses data from Refinitiv and employs panel data econometric techniques, namely generalized least squares (GLS), to analyze the impact of board characteristics (board size, board meetings, board gender diversity, board-specific skills, board independence), audit committee features (existence of audit committee, audit committee independence), CEO duality and management scores on both accounting and market performance of Qatari firms. Control variables include firm size, age, leverage and industry classifications.

The findings suggest that board-specific skills positively influence firm performance, while board size and gender diversity exhibit a non-significant impact. Audit committee independence enhances accounting performance but does not significantly affect market performance. Surprisingly, management scores show a significant yet negative impact on certain financial measures, indicating the need for further investigation.

These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers, investors and corporate leaders, emphasizing the importance of tailored governance practices in Qatar's unique business landscape.

This study provides unique insights into the governance-performance relationship in the context of Qatar, a region with limited existing research. The inclusion of the COVID-19 period adds a contemporary dimension to the analysis, highlighting the resilience and adaptability of corporate governance practices during times of crisis.