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The model incorporates key factors of membrane such as permeability and resistance, feed concentration, fluid viscosity and pressure differentials. Special emphasis is placed on the fouling mechanisms, including pore blockage and cake layer formation, which significantly impact the efficiency of the filtration process.

In this study, we present a numerical analysis of permeate flux through a membrane, focusing on the intricate dynamics of fouling phenomena. Utilizing the Langevin model, we simulate the permeation process to understand how various operational parameters affect the flux rates.

Our results demonstrate that fouling not only reduces the permeate flux but also alters the membrane’s hydraulic resistance over time. The results show that the increasing of the diffusion process on membrane reduces the clogging phenomenon. Hence, the increases of the transmembrane pressure reduce exponentially blocking pore process.

By analyzing these changes, we provide insights into optimizing membrane performance and developing strategies to mitigate clogging membrane. This research contributes to the field of membrane technology by enhancing our understanding of permeate flux behavior under fouling conditions and offering potential pathways for improving long-term operational sustainability.

This study aims to systematically review the current academic literature on supply chain transparency (SCT) to explore the impact of SCT on firm performance and identify factors that influencing SCT-related practices.

This review follows the six steps and 14 decisions of conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) to comprehensively review 91 identified papers published between 2007 and 2024.

Based on the content analysis of the selected papers, this study summarizes the antecedents, practices, outcomes as well as potential barriers of SCT. We develop a conceptual framework from the descriptive and thematic findings to enrich the relevant aspects of SCT and propose some critical gaps and directions for future research.

This study links SCT with several outcomes of firm performance, with a particular focus on how SCT affects sustainability in terms of its economic, social, and environmental dimensions as well as supply chain resilience. It proposes potential avenues for enriching SCT in future research.

In this paper, a mixture of exponential and Rayleigh distributions in the proportions α and 1 − α and all the parameters in the mixture distribution are estimated based on fuzzy data.

The methods such as maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and method of moments (MOM) are applied for estimation. Fuzzy data of triangular fuzzy numbers and Gaussian fuzzy numbers for different sample sizes are considered to illustrate the resulting estimation and to compare these methods. In addition to this, the obtained results are compared with existing results for crisp data in the literature.

The application of fuzziness in the data will be very useful to obtain precise results in the presence of vagueness in data. Mean square errors (MSEs) of the resulting estimators are computed using crisp data and fuzzy data. On comparison, in terms of MSEs, it is observed that maximum likelihood estimators perform better than moment estimators.

Classical methods of obtaining estimators of unknown parameters fail to give realistic estimators since these methods assume the data collected to be crisp or exact. Normally, such case of precise data is not always feasible and realistic in practice. Most of them will be incomplete and sometimes expressed in linguistic variables. Such data can be handled by generalizing the classical inference methods using fuzzy set theory.

This study aims to investigate the influence of green human resource management (GHRM) practices on healthcare organization sustainability performance in Pakistan. It explores how perceived organizational support (POS) mediates the relationship between GHRM practices and healthcare organizational sustainability.

In the quantitative method, a questionnaire was used to acquire the perception of individuals via a simple random method. A total of 320 questionnaires were collected from the employees in the healthcare organizations of Pakistan, with a 47.70% response rate. Hypotheses were tested using SmartPLS (PLS-SEM).

The results reveal a positive relationship between GHRM practices and healthcare organization sustainability performance. POS partially mediated the relationship, strengthening the effectiveness of GHRM practices in boosting organizational sustainability.

The present study contributes to the understanding of GHRM practices in the healthcare industry, particularly in the context of emerging nations like Pakistan. It demonstrates a novel mediation role of POS to bolster the effectiveness of GHRM practices for gaining sustainability performance. The research proposes significant insight for both scholars and practitioners on how supportive corporate cultures affect the GHRM initiatives that foster economic, environmental and social sustainability.