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The primary aim of this research is to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the essential elements of Industry 4.0 implementation within Indian Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Acknowledging the MSME sector as a crucial contributor to the Indian economy and industrial development, the study delves into the assessment of MSMEs based on Industry 4.0 components. Additionally, it explores the profound impact of these components on various performance factors, including organizational performance, sustainability performance and human-related aspects. The paper further ranks these identified components based on their significance within the MSME sector.

Employing a combination of methodological approaches, the research utilizes the Best and Worst Method (BWM), Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and calculates the Maturity Index for Industry 4.0 components. The BWM, a recognized multi-criteria decision-making technique, is initially applied to determine the weights and rankings of the identified components. Furthermore, the study evaluates 30 MSMEs, spanning manufacturing and service sectors, through the DEA approach. Industry 4.0 components are treated as inputs, and performance factors serve as outputs. Data for the analysis are collected through questionnaires distributed to the selected MSMEs. Lastly, the Maturity Index for MSMEs is also calculated.

From the result of the BWM method “assistive manufacturing” was found to be a highly weighted key component of Industry 4.0. From the DEA analysis out of 30 MSMEs 13 SMEs were highlighted as being efficient, whereas 17 MSMEs were judged to be inefficient. Furthermore, from the maturity index calculation, overall Maturity Index was determined to be 3.33 which shows that Industry 4.0 is in its initial stage of implementation, but it has gained pace in its implementation.

The research contributes to practical implications by offering a more accurate assessment of the state of Industry 4.0 implementation within MSMEs. The introduced maturity index proves instrumental in pinpointing key components that have received inadequate attention. This information is crucial for MSME managers and policymakers, guiding them in allocating resources effectively, addressing areas requiring attention and facilitating progress in the implementation of Industry 4.0. The study serves as a valuable tool for MSMEs to enhance their overall operational efficiency.

The research’s originality lies in its application of a comprehensive approach, combining BWM, DEA and the introduction of a maturity index for Industry 4.0 components in the MSME context. By employing these methodologies, the study not only identifies influential components but also provides a nuanced understanding of their relative significance. The research contributes significantly to the broader understanding of Industry 4.0 adoption, particularly, in the vital MSME sector within the Indian context. The findings are valuable for researchers, practitioners and policymakers seeking insights into improving the efficiency and effectiveness of MSMEs in the era of Industry 4.0.

Cash waqf is a powerful financial instrument that deals with the issue of liquidity constraints in waqf institutions. While there are several models of cash waqf operating in different countries, there is increasing demand for innovative cash waqf models, especially within the financial technology context. This paper aims to propose a practical alternative model of funding for waqf institutions using the concepts of crowdfunding and cash waqf.

This study evaluated the literature relevant to cash waqf models that have been implemented in different countries and proposed a new viable alternative model.

Results offer an alternative financing model, named crowdfunding cash waqf model, for waqf institutions to overcome monetary constraints and enable development projects to be completed.

The current study has important implications for both officials and relevant stakeholders. It is sought to bring better consistency between cash waqf donors, solving the liquidity problem faced by waqf institutions, enhancing the transparency of waqf institutions and their use of waqf funds, wealth circulation and financing businesses without interest-based loans (riba). By incorporating a crowdfunding and investment mechanism in the model, this method of collecting funds will assist governments in reducing their expenditure on waqf institutions and other social development programmes.

The proposed model differs from current methods of generating cash waqf, including those are also internet-based. The proposed model is devised to help waqf institutions achieve financial sustainability by including an investment mechanism in the model to sustain the development of waqf projects.

This study aims to investigate the antecedents of Halal culinary repurchase intention. This research examines the role of health consciousness, past product quality experience, Halal literacy, subjective norm and attitude on Halal culinary repurchase intention.

This quantitative research involved 500 domestic tourists as the research subjects. This research was conducted in five cities/municipals in West Sumatra, Indonesia. To obtain the data, 500 questionnaires were distributed to research subjects. In addition, this research used partial least square structural equation model to analyze the data.

This study found that health consciousness is a significant antecedent of past product quality experience, subjective norms and attitudes. Subjective norms also significantly influence past product quality experience, attitude and repurchase intention. Moreover, past product quality experience leads to attitude and attitude is a significant antecedent to repurchase intention. Finally, halal literacy is a significant influence factor on repurchase intention.

This study is a cross-sectional study that has focused on one-time data collection. Therefore, this study has a limitation for generalization. Second, it was only conducted in one Muslim country (Indonesia). To obtain more comprehensive and conclusive results, this research can be conducted in several other Muslim countries such as Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam and Middle Eastern countries. Finally, this study only addressed health consciousness, past product quality experience and Halal literacy as the antecedents of repurchase intention. Future research can add some consequences and antecedents of repurchase intention such as customer loyalty, environmental awareness and perceived risk.

This study reveals that tourists repurchase intention of Halal culinary products is influenced by some factors such as health consciousness, past product quality experience and Halal literacy. Therefore, to increase the tourist repurchase intention, the management of Halal culinary restaurants in tourist destinations must pay attention on product healthiness. In addition, the management should also focus on the customer experience by conducting a survey regarding customer experience in consuming Halal culinary. Referring to the customer evaluation results, the restaurants can improve their product quality. Finally, the management should also pay special attention to customers’ Halal literacy by educating them with Halal food knowledge, which will make them repurchase Halal food in the future.

This study has addresses health consciousness, past product quality experience and Halal literacy as the antecedents of repurchase intention, especially in the Halal culinary marketing context. Previous studies have addressed health consciousness in the food or culinary studies. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is currently no study that examines the relationship between health consciousness, past product quality experience, Halal literacy and repurchase intention, especially in the context of Halal culinary product. Second, this study also revealed the link between health consciousness and past product quality experience in Halal culinary business, which has been overlooked.

This study aims to examine the factors that affect individuals’ intentions of participating in waqf-based crowdfunding model in Kuwait.

This study adopted the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. The data were collected by online questionnaire survey based on 419 donors in waqf institutions in Kuwait. The data were analysed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique.

The results illustrate that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating condition positively affect behavioural intention towards waqf-based crowdfunding projects.

The paper presents an alternative source for waqf institutions to raise capital to develop waqf assets in majority and minority Muslim countries. The findings of this study hold significant implications for government officials and policymakers.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to explore waqf crowdfunding in Kuwait using the UTAUT model. There needs to be more research on waqf-giving behaviour in Kuwait, particularly concerning crowdfunding, which has become more popular recently. Thus, this paper aims to address this gap and contribute new insights to the field.

The COVID-19 pandemic hit the demand for steel products and their derivatives by 40–50%. As a result, productivity and factory operations will inevitably suffer. Therefore, when fulfilling funding demands that will arise if the company has an appropriate capital structure, the corporation must choose between rising debt (on the liability side) or issuing shares for external funding as viable financial alternatives. This empirical study examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on capital structure before and during the pandemic. This study implemented a descriptive quantitative approach, measured using a method based on panel regression and system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) using the secondary data quarterly from 2018 to 2021 with the samples of eight steel companies listed on the IDX. The study findings show that COVID-19 influences the capital structure; firm-specific variables like COVID-19 profitability positively affect the capital structure, whereas liquidity, earning volatility, and non-debt tax shield negatively affect the capital structure. Meanwhile, the result of system GMM shows that only COVID-19 and liquidity significantly affect the debt ratio.

Internet of Things (IoT) is a network, which provides the connection with various physical objects such as smart machines, smart home appliance and so on. The physical objects are allocated with a unique internet address, namely, Internet Protocol, which is used to perform the data broadcasting with the external objects using the internet. The sudden increment in the number of attacks generated by intruders, causes security-related problems in IoT devices while performing the communication. The main purpose of this paper is to develop an effective attack detection to enhance the robustness against the attackers in IoT.

In this research, the lasso regression algorithm is proposed along with ensemble classifier for identifying the IoT attacks. The lasso algorithm is used for the process of feature selection that modeled fewer parameters for the sparse models. The type of regression is analyzed for showing higher levels when certain parts of model selection is needed for parameter elimination. The lasso regression obtains the subset for predictors to lower the prediction error with respect to the quantitative response variable. The lasso does not impose a constraint for modeling the parameters caused the coefficients with some variables shrink as zero. The selected features are classified by using an ensemble classifier, that is important for linear and nonlinear types of data in the dataset, and the models are combined for handling these data types.

The lasso regression with ensemble classifier–based attack classification comprises distributed denial-of-service and Mirai botnet attacks which achieved an improved accuracy of 99.981% than the conventional deep neural network (DNN) methods.

Here, an efficient lasso regression algorithm is developed for extracting the features to perform the network anomaly detection using ensemble classifier.

This study aims to construct comprehensive index of Tahfiz empowerment taking into account various factors such as social, intellectual, physical and religious, as well as economical. According to Maqasid Shariah, Malaysia has to establish a Tahfiz Empowerment Index (TEI) for the implementation of National Tahfiz Education Policy (NTEP) to ensure that Tahfiz institutions assist students’ development in a productive and meaningful way consistent with Islamic values and national educational objectives.

This study proposes the TEI using Maqasid Shariah to offer an organized framework for evaluating and improving the quality and social relevance of Tahfiz institutions. The TEI weaves the five fundamental aims of Maqasid Shariah – preserving religion, protecting life, fostering intellect, preserving lineage and ensuring economic sustainability – into measurable indicators. Comprehensive review of the literature supports the TEI and its using experts, and the TEI assigns equal weightage to each dimension and has provisions to address biases.

The TEI consists of five fundamental aspects: preservation of religion, life, intellect, lineage and economic sustainability. The results imply that systematic way of evaluating and enhancing performance of Tahfiz institution is crucial as the study proves the institution’s importance in the development of its students.

The TEI provides a systematic framework to be used in future empirical research that searches for the operation of Tahfiz institutions and their outcome. Moreover, it serves as a theoretical basis for further research on Islamic education and its alignment with Maqasid Shariah. It also propounds a holistic and inclusive approach encompassing improvement in educational possibilities.

The TEI has useful managerial and policy implications for the improvement of Tahfiz institutions. It can be used as a benchmark whenever the policymaker is in doubt about the quality, safety and equitable distribution of resources in education to achieve Malaysia’s NTEP objectives. The TEI also provides practical, tangible performance indicators for evaluation and benchmarking, resource allocation and strategy planning. It integrates Maqasid Shariah principles, focusing on areas like spiritual and intellectual development, economic sustainability and community engagement.

The TEI as part of Sustainable Development Goals 2030 contributes to social benefits: integrating the principles of Islamic education and human dignity and social welfare. It erases the existing gaps by providing the necessary means through such practices as offering vocational training to underprivileged students, contributes to social responsibility by enhancing mental health and encouraging services to the community, and ultimately improves community involvement through volunteerism and collaborations. Also, TEI directs the distribution of funds toward programs that should benefit underprivileged learners, thus maintain sustainable fund allocation as well as promoting social responsibility as per NTEP objectives.

This study presents a novel index grounded on Maqasid Shariah which is useful for assessing and improving the Tahfiz institutions. It gives a definite and systematic method of evaluating these institutions’ degrees of empowerments to meet all the diverse roles they play in the society.

This study aims to identify and explore the critical components of Industry 4.0 (IR4.0) talent domains needed by Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) students through work-based learning (WBL) programs in Malaysia.

A qualitative research design was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with 11 experts from academia and industry. Document analysis was employed to complement expert interviews, offering an enriched understanding of the IR4.0 talent domains. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and reliability analysis through Fleiss’s Kappa.

The study reveals a consensus between academic and industry experts on the importance of cognitive abilities and professionalism for IR4.0 talent. However, significant discrepancies were noted in the domain of operational work skills, with academic experts agreeing on 12 out of 14 components, while industry experts agreed on only four. This highlights a potential misalignment between academic curricula and industry needs, particularly in operational skills.

This research only involves academics and industry experts in the field of IR4.0. The focus of this research is on the undergraduate WBL programmes at Malaysia’s Polytechnic.

The findings can guide curriculum development in TVET programs, ensuring that students are equipped with the necessary skills to meet industry expectations.

This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on IR4.0 talent development, offering valuable insights into the essential talent domains for TVET students engaged in WBL programs. The findings underscore the need for closer collaboration between educational institutions and industry to ensure that TVET programs are better aligned with the demands of the IR4.0 workforce.

Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) networks are basically packet-based networks. There are various advantages of MPLS, such as better utilization of the network, reduction in the network latency, and the ability to adhere to the strict and stringent quality of service (QoS) criteria of incoming traffic. Since most of the applications are moving towards the packet-based networks, this move is mounting a pressure on the network providers for changing and upgrading their existing systems. There are various innovations and upgrades which are under progress and being improvised. These innovations and improvements will ensure that the networks can provide the ever-growing and rising demand of bandwidth. This research study captures the review of the concepts of MPLS networks and innovative technologies like traffic engineering, differentiated services, protection, and restoration. This research study also captures MPLS transport profile and its applications. As per the recent literature review, new protocols and designs of MPLS should be handled with care, and designers should exercise caution while recommending and proposing new designs and protocols. Most of the universities need to converge their networks to a single infrastructure in order to reduce operational costs and provide better network with improvised QoS to the students and faculties. Most of the universities and colleges are migrating to internet protocol (IP)/MPLS-based infrastructure. This will help in providing better networks to students studying and staying in universities. IP/MPLS is highly scalable and can be deployed end to end to accommodate the needs of any network size.

This study aims to examine the moderator effect of religiosity on the relationship between halal brand awareness and habit towards purchasing decisions of halal products.

The quantitative method is used in this study. Descriptive and statistical (multiple and moderated regression) analyses are employed to test the hypothesis according to the research model. The data is collected using a cross-sectional design from 197 respondents consisting of business owners in North Sumatera, Indonesia.

It is found that both halal brand awareness and habit have a positive and significant effect on the purchasing decision of halal products. Meanwhile, religiosity significantly acts as a moderating variable in the relationship between awareness and purchasing decisions, as well as habit and purchasing decisions.

This study revealed the important factor of religiosity as a moderating factor in purchase decisions of halal products. The government may need to collaborate with Islamic educational institutions to raise awareness of the halal concept and product awareness. It is assumed that individuals who know about the Islamic religion will have a higher degree of awareness of halal products compared to individuals with limited knowledge of Islam; thus, providers of Islamic education play a crucial role in raising the level of awareness of halal products. Schools may serve as catalysts for the dissemination of knowledge of halal products.

Developing halal product markets can be done by enhancing the religiosity level of consumers, one of them through attending formal or informal religious classes.