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This paper presents the approximate limit pressure solution for shape-imperfect and through-wall circumferential cracked (TWCC) 90° pipe bends at the intrados region. Finite element (FE) limit analysis was used to estimate the limit pressure by considering the small geometrical change effects.

Three-dimensional (3D) geometric linear FE methodology was implemented to investigate the limit pressure of structurally deformed TWCC 90° pipe bends. The material considered in the analysis is elastic perfectly plastic (EPP). The limit pressure of TWCC shape-distorted pipe bends was predicted from the corresponding internal pressure when von-Mises stress was equal to or just exceeded the material’s yield strength for all the models. The theoretical solution which was published in the literature was used to evaluate the current FE approach.

Ovality C_o and TWCC at the intrados region caused a considerable impact on pipe bends, while the thinning? C_t produced a negligible effect and hence was not included in the analysis. With the combined effect, the bend portion of pipe bend experiences substantial influence, and the TWCC effect consequently increases with 45^o, 60^o and 90^o crack angles and decreases the limit pressure of pipe bends. An improved closed-form empirical limit pressure solution was proposed for TWCC shape-distorted pipe bends at the intrados region.

In the limit pressure analysis of 90° pipe bends, the implications of structural irregularities (ovality and thinning) and TWCC have not been examined and reported.

This paper outlines the diversity and inclusion framework for Industry 5.0, which has human-centricity, sustainability and resilience as its main characteristics. This is concerning the disruption technology has caused.

A rapid scoping review was carried out, which collates recent scholarly outputs. It is based on a sample of 92 high-quality documents from two databases focusing on diversity and inclusion in Industry 5.0. Further, the authors have analyzed the literature based on the McKinsey 7S model and formed a diversity framework for Industry 5.0 to promote innovation.

These findings can support Diversity 5.0 applications with human–robot collaboration and a human-centric approach in Industry 5.0. The article provides key insights on cross-cutting themes like upskilling given digitization, innovation and other HR trends in the industry.

The study suggests that HR professionals, governments and policymakers can use the recommendations to broaden their perspectives and develop policies, interventions, laws and practices that will impact the future workforce and boost innovation.

This will help organizations in Industry 5.0 to be competitive and build on their talent management strategies to fulfill their diversity goals as well as support sustainable development goals.

We give critical views on the aspects that will define the future of work in terms of skills, innovation and safety for employees, drawing on results from a wide range of theoretical and analytical viewpoints.