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This study investigates the impact of personal, organisational and innovation capability on technological innovation and further impacts on small and medium enterprises’ (SMEs') performance during uncertainty. Moreover, the moderator role of social sustainability orientation on the relationships of technological innovation, innovation performance and organisational resilience is also examined.

A quantitative approach using 524 SME responses and Smart PLS 4.0 are adopted in this research.

The results indicate a correlation between three types of capabilities with technological innovation and further conversion to organisational resilience. Additionally, social sustainability shows a negative moderating effect between innovation performance and organisational resilience. The research findings advanced the resources-based-view (RBV) by proposing three capability dimensions as platforms for SMEs' innovation success, which later generate resilience possibilities. Specifically highlighted in this study are the personal capabilities of managers, organisational capabilities and innovation capabilities in setting business objectives and resource allocation towards economic and sustainable goals during turbulence and uncertainty.

This study investigates the role of technological innovation and innovation on SME resilience. Notably, we deploy the social sustainability orientation as moderators towards the relationship between technological innovation, innovation performance and SMEs’ resilience. SMEs employing social sustainability orientation might negatively inhibit the translation from innovation performance to SME resilience, providing novel insights into navigating uncertainty in modern business. It has no effect on the relationship between technological innovation and its consequences.

This paper proposed an adaptation of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model to study the factors influencing organic food purchase behavior in an emerging market. This research introduced household norms as an important factor that reflected the influence of household activities and family pressure on individuals to perform organic food purchase behaviors. The role of trust in organic food as a direct and a moderating factor was examined in the proposed framework as well.

The study proposed a model with 10 hypotheses from the literature review. The hypotheses were tested using data collected from 407 organic food customers in Hanoi, Vietnam. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was used for analysis.

The results indicated that household norms played an important role influencing purchase intention and behavior. This research also showed that trust in organic food directly affected purchase intention and played a moderating role on the attitude towards organic food and purchase intention relationship. However, trust in organic food did not show moderating effects on other relationships in the model.

More context-specific reasons may be incorporated into the research model to better explain consumer purchase behaviors.

The role of household norms and its impact under TPB has not been investigated for organic food purchase behaviors, particularly in emerging markets.

Few studies only focus on halal cosmetics, although several previous studies have examined halal food and beverages. This study aims to explore the relationship between knowledge, emotional attachment and religiosity on purchase intention, mediated by satisfaction and brand trust. This study stems from the theory of reasoned action (TRA), which merges the knowledge, emotional attachment, religiosity and purchase intention of halal cosmetics.

The researchers distributed online questionnaires to respondents via Google Form using social media (Instagram)/messaging application (WhatsApp). The respondents were Indonesian and Malaysian millennial Muslims. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. A total of 528 respondents were involved, consisting of 335 Indonesians and 193 Malaysians. However, data for 381 respondents were successfully screened for normality, outliers and multicollinearity. Furthermore, the data was used for examining the hypotheses proposed.

The results for Indonesian and Malaysian samples showed that there is a significant positive effect of knowledge, emotional attachments and religiosity on satisfaction and brand trust. But the Indonesia sample showed that there is no significant effect of religiosity on satisfaction. For Indonesia, there is a positive significant mediating role of satisfaction on purchasing intention. For Malaysia, there is no significant mediating role of satisfaction on purchasing intention. For Indonesia and Malaysia, there are positive significant mediating role of brand trust on purchasing intention.

The study compared consumers of the millennial generation in Indonesia and Malaysia with limited samples. For future research, it is suggested to exploring and combining non-Muslims and Muslims in the millennial generation and testing it in more than two countries.

The study provides an accurate understanding of the relationships proposed, such as knowledge, emotional attachment and religiosity, on satisfaction, brand trust and purchasing intention of millennial Muslim woman consumers in Indonesia and Malaysia, because the millennial Muslim woman consumers in Indonesia and Malaysia had the same behavioral characteristics: Muslim consumers and product characteristics.

The study of halal cosmetics can provide a spiritual commitment for Muslims, who consciously prefer socio-religious values in choosing cosmetic products. Therefore, the halal label of the product is also a reason for social and religious values to increase the social awareness of the Muslim millennial generation in Malaysia and Indonesia.

This research discusses the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction and brand trust on the purchasing intention of halal cosmetics. The response of Muslim consumers to halal cosmetics has not been widely studied in Indonesia and Malaysia. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, the halal label on all products has recently been made mandatory by the Indonesian Ulema Council. Therefore, this research offers insights into the attitudes of Muslim consumers towards halal cosmetics products.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the hybridity of social enterprises (SEs) by examining the barriers to growth they face at the individual, organizational and institutional levels. Through this investigation, the study aims to contribute to our understanding of hybrid SEs and advance knowledge in the field.

This exploratory study uses Gioia’s grounded theory method to analyze qualitative data from 16 interviews conducted with established SEs, dissolved SEs and consulting centers in Vietnam.

SEs do have barriers to growth that distinguish them from traditional enterprises. Hybrids face barriers to growth at individual, organizational and institutional levels. This study offers a theoretical framework and provides the process model of SE barriers to growth. The SE growth process demonstrates the complex and dynamic interplay of specific components within two groups: organizational capacities and the SE ecosystem elements. This highlights the roles of various actors and institutions within the ecosystem in enhancing organizational capabilities and removing barriers to SE growth, extending knowledge of the SE, barriers to growth and the ecosystem literature.

This paper has two main limitations. First, it is an empirical research conducted in a specific context, so the results may not be universally applicable. Second, it has a qualitative approach, which has limitations in comparing differences among different groups, such as hybrids versus traditional enterprises. However, these limitations also open numerous possibilities for further research directions. For instance, future research could apply this theoretical framework to conduct surveys in diverse contexts and use quantitative analysis to further examine the model of hybrid constraints.

The findings of this paper contribute to a more holistic understanding of barriers to growth facing SEs, which is an under-researched topic in the Vietnamese context. This paper offers a theoretical framework of barriers and the process of growth, providing potential recommendations for practitioners seeking to support SEs in addressing their unique challenges, and suggests avenues for further research in this area.

Purpose: Green consumerism is on the rise in the 21st century, impelling businesses to prioritise environmental awareness and expand eco-products to keep up with the growing demand. This research examines how social media (SM) and moral obligations (MO) affect consumer views and their propensity to make eco-friendly choices.

Methodology: Data were gathered from 508 participants using an adaptive questionnaire. The proposed model was tested using ‘structural equation modelling’.

Findings: The results show that electronic word-of-mouth (EWOM) and the intent to acquire green goods favourably impact consumer behaviour. MO positively influences attitudes and intentions to make green purchases (GPI), with attitudes acting as a mediator between MO and GPI.

Implications: This research is of utmost importance for marketers wanting to enhance their SM communication strategies to influence consumers’ opinions of green products and raise the possibility that they would make environmentally conscious purchases.

The Indonesian Waqf Board and United Nation Development Program are developing green waqf in Indonesia. Development of green waqf in Indonesia as a response to save the earth from environmental damage and other social impacts. This paper aims to measure public perceptions about willingness to participate in making donations to the green waqf program in Indonesia.

Modifying the Theory of Reasoned Action framework, questionnaire data were collected from 311 Muslims in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling method.

The findings show that attitude, subjective norm, product knowledge and trust influence the Muslims in Indonesia to donate to green waqf. In contrast, Islamic religiosity harms the intention to donate in green waqf but is insignificant.

This research was conducted using a quantitative approach with a limited sample of several communities, so the results cannot be generalized. Further investigation needs to be carried out by involving a more diverse sample to get better results. However, the results of this study can be used as an illustration of how Muslims behave in donating green waqf.

These results imply that to develop green waqf in Indonesia, especially in attracting waqf candidates willing to make donations, waqf institutions must carry out engineering to shape the attitude of prospective donors through various activities such as socialization and education of the green waqf program. Waqf institutions must also build public trust by involving public figures to campaign for the green waqf program. This will likely increase prospective donors’ active participation in donating their money to develop green waqf in Indonesia.

Waqf is a severe concern for the Indonesian Government, including waqf for the environment. To the bets of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to look at the behavior of the green waqf model in Indonesia. Thus, the acceleration of waqf development can be realized and is expected to impact the community significantly.

Virtual reality (VR) offers unprecedented immersion and interactivity in education, and working and learning from home have become the norm during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study empirically investigated the factors affecting the use of a VR online learning system (VROLS).

To explore factors affecting users’ continuance behavioral intentions toward using VROLSs, a research framework was formed comprising factors that constitute benefits (i.e. pull factors) and costs (i.e. push factors); these factors included perceived value, flow and social influence. The data for this study were collected via online survey questionnaires. A total of 307 valid responses were used to examine the hypotheses in the research model, employing structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques.

Perceived value, flow experience and the number of peers using VR primarily affect the decision to adopt a VROLS. The pull factors of spatial presence, entertainment and service compatibility, along with the push factors of complexity and visual fatigue, affect perceived value. Therefore, we conclude that perceived value is a primary factor positively influencing both flow experience and the decision to adopt the service.

This study contributes to a theoretical understanding of factors that explain users’ intention to use VROLSs.

There is a dearth of research in the field of social marketing that attempts to understand why consumers prefer to use plastic packages when using online food delivery services. In addressing this issue, this study aims to investigate the role of moral disengagement, myopia and environmental apathy in the young generations' intentions to use plastic bags while ordering food online. It also examines the mediating role of moral disengagement and the moderating role of guilt in the context of the online food delivery service industry in China.

An online survey was designed to collect data, which yielded 256 usable responses. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique (SmartPLS 4.0) was used to test the study hypotheses.

The results indicate that environmental apathy, myopia and moral disengagement exert significant negative effects on consumer intention to use plastic. In addition, moral disengagement was able to mediate the links between “environmental apathy”, “myopia” and “plastic usage intention”. Lastly, consumers’ guilt was found to be a significant moderator in the link between moral disengagement and plastic usage intention.

This research holds significant importance for social marketers in the online food delivery service industry. Particularly, by understanding consumers' negative behavioural aspects, social marketers can implement marketing strategies that emphasise green practices for environmental well-being.

This is a pioneer study that focuses on the negative aspects of consumer behaviour, such as myopia, environmental apathy and moral disengagement, to understand what drives young consumers to use plastic. Additionally, this study investigates several new relationships in the social marketing field, such as the mediating effect of moral disengagement between myopia, environmental apathy and plastic usage intention. It also tests the moderating effect of guilt on the link between moral disengagement and use intention.

Ukraine hosts thousands of international students for educational tourism, of which more than 18,000 Indian medical students were compelled to escape Ukraine under emergency conditions of war. This paper aims to examine their intention to return to Ukraine to complete their education based on an integrated theory of planned behaviour (TPB) framework with added constructs, i.e. risk perception, career anxiety, rescue and relief memory.

The data were collected from 26 February 2022 to 30 June 2022 in two phases and two modes. It was ensured that the respondents were strictly confined to Indian medical students who had travelled to Ukraine for educational tourism. SPSS 25 and AMOS 23.0 were used to analyse the data. The hypotheses proposed were statistically tested.

The analysis reveals that the extended TPB model resulted in a strong model and the empirical findings corroborate that the students’ attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and career anxiety significantly and positively influence the students’ revisit intention (RI) while risk perception and rescue and relief memory have a negative influence on the RI.

The study provides timely insights and implications to the Ukrainian tourism industry, particularly educational tourism business and medical institutions under the present turmoil, which can also act as blueprint research for destinations with a similar unstable political background.

The primary value of this research work is that it provides an understanding of the intention of medical students (educational tourists) towards revisiting the war-hit destination of Ukraine.

In today’s era, a country’s economy and society are continuously improved by entrepreneurship that utilizes digital technology. The current study, conducted among university students in Pakistan, examines the roles of digital aspects in moving toward digital innovation (DI) and digital entrepreneurship (DE).

The study is based on quantitative and cross-sectional data. A survey questionnaire was used to obtain responses from respondents recruited through the convenience sampling technique.

The results from structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis suggest significant effects of technology orientation (TO), entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and DI on DE. The impact of DI on DE is also significant. On the other hand, digital technology self-efficacy (DTSE) is not found to be a significant predictor of DI and DE. Moreover, DI is found to be a significant mediator, which mediates the relationships of TO and EO with DE. On the contrary, DI did not mediate the significant relationship between DTSE and DE.

The study’s findings would benefit policymakers and planners in developing policies to encourage the usage of digital technologies to provide solutions in entrepreneurship. The findings also support promoting DE to tackle business challenges and achieve organizational and academic goals.

The study emphasizes the roles of digital technology, innovation, and entrepreneurship in a developing context.