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The purpose of this paper is to show the spatial extent and growth of tourism and its likely patterns as past forces of change are replaced by new pressures to reduce climate change and meet new definitions of success.

The approach involves a review of changes that have occurred over the Horizon period with a focus on the spatial spread and development of tourism, using and based on a literature review, past research and personal experience. Likely new developments are identified based on the expected result of influences including climate change mitigation and altered understandings of what is meant by success in tourism.

Much of the spatial change in tourism has been evolutionary rather than revolutionary, but in the future, restrictive forces external to tourism may change travel patterns with severe effects on long haul travel and a change in travel mode.

The research focus needs to produce effective measures of success as understood by all stakeholders in tourist destinations. Alternative destinations will need to replace those long haul destinations no longer available and research needs to refocus on managing rather than solely attracting visitors.

Long haul destinations will lose market share, destinations will change goals to satisfaction for stakeholders and travel modes will change to lower emission generators.

Destination choice will be reduced, transport modes may be limited and tourism closer to home will become the norm.

A general overview of this type has not been presented before.

揭示旅游业的空间范围和增长及其可能改变的模式, 因为以往的变化驱动力被减少气候变化的新压力并满足成功的新定义所取代。

由于缓解气候变化等影响和对旅游业成功含义的理解的改变而可能出现的一些新发展。本文基于文献综述、过去的研究和个人经验, 对综述期间发生的变化进行梳理, 重点关注旅游的空间扩散和发展。

过去, 旅游的很多空间变化是渐进式的, 而不是革命性的。但在未来, 旅游外部的限制性力量可能会改变旅行模式, 对长途旅行和旅行方式的变化产生严重影响。

研究重点需要产生为旅游目的地所有利益相关者所理解的, 有效的对于成功的衡量标准。替代性目的地将取代那些不可用的长途目的地。研究需要重新关注旅游业管理, 而不仅仅是吸引游客。

长途目的地将失去市场份额, 目的地将改变目标以满足利益相关者, 旅行模式将转变为低排放模式。

目的地的选择性将会减少, 交通方式可能会受到限制, 离家更近的旅游将成为常态。

这种类型的一般性概述以前没有研究过。

Mostrar la extensión espacial y el crecimiento del turismo y su probable patrón alterado a medida que las fuerzas de cambio del pasado son sustituidas por nuevas presiones para reducir el cambio climático y satisfacer nuevas definiciones de éxito.

Una revisión de los cambios que se han producido durante el periodo Horizonte, centrándose en la extensión espacial y el desarrollo del turismo, basándose en la revisión bibliográfica, la investigación previa y la experiencia personal, y los posibles nuevos desarrollos como resultado de antecedentes, incluyendo la mitigación del cambio climático y la alteración de la comprensión de lo que se entiende por éxito en el turismo.

Gran parte del cambio espacial en el turismo ha sido evolutivo más que revolucionario, pero, en el futuro, fuerzas restrictivas externas al turismo pueden cambiar los patrones de viaje con graves efectos en los viajes de larga distancia y un cambio en el modo de viajar.

El enfoque de la investigación necesita producir medidas efectivas de éxito tal y como las entienden todas las partes interesadas en los destinos turísticos. Los destinos alternativos tendrán que sustituir a los destinos de larga distancia que ya no estén disponibles y la investigación debe volver a centrarse en la gestión en lugar de únicamente en atraer visitantes.

Los destinos de larga distancia perderán cuota de mercado, los destinos cambiarán sus objetivos por la satisfacción de las partes interesadas y los modos de viaje cambiarán a generadores de menos emisiones.

Se reducirá la oferta de destinos, los modos de transporte pueden verse limitados y el turismo más cercano se convertirá en la norma.

No se había presentado antes una revisión general con este enfoque.

Leadership development programs (LDPs) have emerged relatively recently in the healthcare context as a mechanism not only to develop capable and competent leaders but also to retain them. The purpose of this paper is to describe a perspective on practice by illustrating a case example that showcases a pilot LDP for newly promoted healthcare leaders. The details about how it was developed and implemented collaboratively by a healthcare consortium and higher education institution (HEI) to address shared healthcare leadership talent pipeline and retention challenges are provided.

This perspective on practice describes how a consortium of competitive healthcare organizations, a type of branded Inter-organizational Relationship referred to as “Coopetition,” contracted with a HEI to design, develop and launch a pilot LDP, referred to as the Academy for Healthcare Education and Development program, using the analyze, design, develop, implement and evaluate model.

The significance of this illustrative case example is discussed along with some initial lessons learned based upon this pilot LDP that 24 program participants completed. Implications for research, theory and practice are presented, followed by limitations and a conclusion.

Inter-organizational relationships, particularly coopetition, are relatively new in the healthcare sector, along with collaboration with HEIs to develop interventions to solve compelling industry problems. This illustrative case example offers insights that address scholars’ calls and practitioners’ needs to explicate different approaches for LDPs to build the healthcare leadership talent pipeline.

In this paper, we investigate the current conditions as well as possibilities of a better interaction between architects and user–clients in the Belgian single-family housing context. We specifically focus on issues around client learning and knowledge sharing of architectural services.

Following the research through design methodology, we report on a co-design process converging towards a multi-layered journey map tool. We analyze the discussions held between architects and user-clients during “Ideation & Design” workshops that led to this specific tool idea, within a broader co-design process context.

In terms of client learning and knowledge sharing, there is a need for (1) sharing the process knowledge, (2) clarifying responsibilities and missions of both parties and (3) considering different levels of engagement of user-clients. Current ways of interaction around these issues are mostly based on verbal exchanges during meetings and written explanations in contracts. In terms of future expectations, it has been revealed that both parties are in favor of (1) keeping the relationship trustworthy but informal, (2) using visual ways of representing the architectural journey and (3) providing additional “pedagogical” support when needed.

Our work not only discusses current practices regarding client learning and knowledge sharing of architectural services but also highlights the future-oriented aspirations of architects and user-clients. It proposes actionable design criteria and a multi-layered journey map tool to support the relationship between architects and user-clients, both transferable to architectural education.

This study sought to examine how women founders navigate gender and cultural influences in constructing network ties in Jordan.

In-depth interviews document the experiences of 14 women founders operating digital technology-based businesses in Amman, Jordan.

Gender homogenous ties were perceived to be of diminished quality, limiting the ability of the women founders to acquire resources while risking isolation from diverse networks. Formal professional, male-centric ties were perceived to offer more business impact due to the applicability and usefulness of information. Formal communication, use of intermediaries and industry events were used to develop network ties. These approaches enable founders to respect gendered collectivist norms, such as adhering to family members’ expectations about occupational roles, while meeting new business associates. The strength of network ties emerged as a continuum with strong, weak and midpoint ties. Midpoint ties offered valued encouragement and emotional support but were perceived to be less effective and provided fewer resources compared to strong network ties.

Mechanisms of gender inequality are evidenced in how gender, culture and social networks operate in relation to each other. Perceptions reflect culturally situated, within-group stereotypes, informing how women founders discount other women’s knowledge and experience.

Contrasting the Madisonian model of democracy with Westminster style arrangements, this chapter examines how American political scientists and policymakers expressed second thoughts about the constitutional settlement of 1787 and looked towards the British political system for possible reforms to their own. In particular, it details the arguments offered by Thomas Finletter, James MacGregor Burns, and others, from the 1940s through to the early 1960s that the United States might adopt certain features of the Westminster model. The chapter analyzes their proposals and the – essentially negative – reception that they received. It concludes by addressing the failure of these proposals and the endurance of fragmented government within the United States.

Nature and biophilic design have received widespread attention in architecture. There has been a need for a new concept of sustainability that includes the interrelationship between humans and the environment. Biophilic design is therefore a comprehensive and sustainable approach that contributes to restoring relationships and connections to promote mental and physical health. The purpose of the paper is to derive a method for measuring and evaluating the impact of incorporating biophilic design into spaces where children are present.

This research follows a three-stage methodology. The first stage is an Overview, including the concept of biophilia, the concept of biophilic design and its patterns. The second stage consists of methods for evaluating biophilic designed spaces. The third stage attempts to deduce a method for measuring and evaluating the impact of incorporating biophilic design into spaces designated for children on children.

Integrating the Biophilia Interview Scale and the Nature Connection Index scales could lead to the development of a new scale that captures the child’s understanding of nature, his connection to nature and knowledge of his environmental preferences. Linking this measure to the child’s basic needs aims to enhance the performance of spaces designated for pre-school children and measure the extent to which these spaces meet the child’s environmental preferences and match his basic needs.

There is limited understanding of evaluating preschool spaces in terms of their suitability for children, the extent to which the design patterns used in these spaces meet the child’s preferences and desires, and the extent to which these spaces meet the child’s basic needs. Therefore, this study aims to integrate methods for assessing environmental preferences appropriate for pre-school children and linking them to the child’s basic needs, which ultimately leads to the creation and design of spaces in which children can integrate, interact.