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Drawing on conservation of resources, social cognitive and self-verification theories, the current study endeavors to extend our comprehension of the mechanisms linking Islamic work ethics (IWE) to employee ethical behavior. More specifically, the current study investigates the potential impact of IWE on employees’ ethical behavior through the serial mediating roles of moral identity and felt obligation.

By utilizing two-wave data collected from 513 employee-co-worker dyads in the education sector in Turkey, we employed AMOS to conduct a confirmatory analysis and the PROCESS macro for SPSS to test the hypothesized relationships.

The results provide evidence for our hypothesized model. Our results indicate that employees with higher levels of IWE are more likely to exhibit higher levels of ethical behavior. Our results also reveal that IWE has a significant and positive impact on employees’ moral identity and sense of obligation, which in turn enhances their ethical behavior.

By integrating multiple theories, the current research addresses a dearth in the literature and provides a nomological network from Islamic work ethics to ethical employee behavior through the serial mediating role of moral identity and felt obligation. This study adds value to the literature on human resource management and work ethics by examining how IWE affects the attitudes and behaviors of employees in both the public and private sectors. Accordingly, organizations can strengthen their workforce’s moral identities and instill a sense of obligation to behave morally by incorporating workplace ethics into HRM processes.

This study explores the factors that contribute to fan loyalty for a losing sports team, with a specific focus on the Karachi Kings in the Pakistan Super League. The research aims to uncover the motives that influence fans’ unwavering support for a team that consistently underperforms.

A qualitative research design was utilized, involving semi-structured interviews with a diverse sample of Karachi Kings fans. Data were analyzed using grounded theory principles to uncover key themes. This approach allowed for an in-depth understanding of the underlying psychological and sociocultural factors. Grounded theory was chosen to systematically generate insights from data, particularly because fan loyalty in current contexts remains underexplored.

The research identified five main themes that influence fan loyalty: identity integration, emotional attachment, cognitive coherence, behavioral consistency and social connectivity. Fans exhibited a strong psychological connection to the Karachi Kings, fueled by regional pride, shared experiences and a sense of community. The findings emphasize the importance of creating a strong fan community and nurturing emotional bonds through consistent engagement and shared experiences.

This study demonstrated how psychological and sociocultural factors combine to sustain support for a losing team. It broadens the understanding of sports fandom by emphasizing that fan loyalty extends beyond a team’s success or failure, being deeply rooted in identity, emotions and social connections. This research offers a nuanced view of fan behavior in a non-Western context and provides valuable insights for developing marketing strategies and fostering community engagement in sports management.

The present work aims to prepare biocomposites blend based on linear low density polyethylene/ starch without using harmful chemicals to improve the adhesion between two phases. Also, the efficiency of essential oils as green plasticizers and natural antimicrobial agents were evaluated.

Barrier properties and biodegradation behavior of linear low density polyethylene/starch (LLDPE/starch) blends plasticized with different essential oils including moringa oleifera and castor oils wereassessed as a comparison with traditional plasticizer such as glycerol. Biodegradation behavior forLLDPE/starch blends was monitored by soil burial test. The composted samples were recovered then washed followed by drying, and weighting samples after 30, 60, and 90 days to assess the change in weight loss. Also, mechanical properties including retention values of tensile strength and elongation at break were measured before and after composting. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the change in the morphology of the polymeric blends. In addition to, the antimicrobial activity of plasticized LLDPE/starch blends films was evaluated using a standard plate counting technique.

The results illustrate that the water vapor transition rate increases from 2.5 g m⁻² 24 h⁻¹ for LLDPE/5starch to 4.21 g m⁻² 24 h⁻¹ and 4.43 g m⁻² 24 h⁻¹ for castor and moringa oleifera respectively. Also, the retained tensile strength values of all blends decrease gradually with increasing composting period. Unplasticized LLDPE/5starch showed highest tensile strength retention of 91.6% compared to the other blends that were 89.61, 88.49 and 86.91 for the plasticized LLDPE/5starch with glycerol, castor and M. oleifera oils respectively. As well as, the presence of essential oils in LLDPE/ starch blends increase the inhibition growth of escherichia coli, candida albicans and staphylococcus aureus.

The objective of this work is to develop cost-effective and environmentally-friendly methods for preparing biodegradable polymers suitable for packaging applications.