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This study aims to investigate the impact of geopolitical risk (GPR) on supply chain concentration (SCC) and the roles of operational capabilities and resources in this relationship.

Secondary longitudinal data from multiple sources is collected and combined to test for a direct impact of GPR on SCC. We further examine the moderating effects of firms’ operational capabilities and resources (i.e. firm resilience, operational slack and cash holding). Fixed-effect regression models are applied to test the hypotheses, followed by a series of robustness tests to check the consistency of the results.

Consistent with the tenets of resource dependence theory, our analysis reveals a significant negative impact of GPR on SCC. Moreover, we find that this adverse effect is attenuated for firms with higher levels of resilience, more operational slack and greater cash holdings. Further analysis suggests that maintaining a diversified supply chain base during heightened GPR is associated with a firm’s improved financial performance.

This study contributes to the supply chain management (SCM) literature by integrating GPR into the supply chain risk management framework. Additionally, it demonstrates the roles of diversification and operational resources in addressing GPR-induced challenges.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between environmental, social and governance (ESG) ratings and corporate bond credit spreads within the oil and gas (O&G) industry. Given the sector’s significant environmental impact and the current energy transition, it is crucial to understand how ESG disclosure affects financial performance, particularly in terms of debt market dynamics. This research aims to provide empirical evidence on whether ESG efforts by O&G companies influence their cost of borrowing.

This study employs a quantitative approach using secondary data from Refinitiv for the period 2018–2022. To address potential endogeneity issues, we utilize two-stage-least-squares regressions. The analysis focuses on corporate bond spreads as the dependent variable and ESG as the key independent variable.

Our findings indicate a negative association between ESG disclosure and corporate bond spreads. Specifically, companies with higher ESG ratings tend to experience lower credit spreads, suggesting that improved ESG practices may lead to reduced borrowing costs. Additionally, the results show that non-state-owned companies (SOC) benefit more from ESG in terms of financial performance compared to state-owned counterparts.

The study is limited by its reliance on secondary data from Refinitiv, which may not capture all nuances of ESG practices and financial performance. Additionally, the analysis is confined to the O&G industry, potentially limiting the generalizability of the findings to other sectors. Future research could expand the scope to include other industries and incorporate primary data to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the ESG–financial performance relationship.

The study’s findings suggest that O&G companies can potentially reduce their borrowing costs by improving their ESG ratings. This insight is valuable for corporate managers and investors, as it highlights the financial benefits of sustainable practices. Additionally, policymakers could use these findings to encourage better ESG disclosure and practices within the industry, ultimately promoting a more sustainable energy sector.

By demonstrating the financial advantages of ESG disclosure, this study underscores the broader social benefits of sustainable business practices. Improved ESG ratings not only contribute to environmental and social well-being but also enhance a company’s financial performance. This dual benefit can motivate more companies to adopt sustainable practices, leading to positive societal impacts such as reduced environmental damage and improved community relations.

This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the relationship between ESG ratings and corporate bond credit spreads specifically within the O&G industry. By highlighting the differential impact of ESG disclosure on state-owned versus non-SOC, the research offers unique insights that can inform corporate strategies in the context of sustainability and financial performance.

Analizar la relación entre las calificaciones-ESG y los diferenciales de bonos corporativos en la industria del petróleo y gas (PyG). Dada la significativa huella ambiental del sector y la transición energética, es crucial comprender cómo la divulgación-ESG afecta el desempeño financiero en términos de dinámicas del mercado de deuda.

Se emplea un enfoque cuantitativo utilizando datos secundarios de Refinitiv para 2018–2022. Para abordar problemas de endogeneidad, utilizamos regresiones en dos-etapas. El análisis se centra en los diferenciales de los bonos corporativos (variable dependiente) y las calificaciones ESG (variable independiente).

Nuestros resultados indican una asociación negativa entre ESG y los diferenciales de de bonos corporativos en la industria PyG. Las empresas con mejores calificaciones ESG tienden a experimentar diferenciales de crédito más bajos, sugiriendo que las prácticas ESG pueden llevar a una reducción en los costos de endeudamiento. Además, los resultados muestran que las empresas no estatales se benefician más de la divulgación ESG en términos de desempeño financiero en comparación con sus contrapartes estatales.

Se proporciona evidencia empírica sobre la relación entre las calificaciones-ESG y los diferenciales de bonos corporativos. El uso de regresiones en dos etapas para abordar los problemas de endogeneidad añade robustez a los hallazgos. Al resaltar el impacto diferencial de la divulgación-ESG en las empresas estatales versus no estatales, la investigación ofrece perspectivas únicas que pueden informar estrategias corporativas de sostenibilidad y desempeño financiero.

This study aims to investigate the impact of environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) factors on job satisfaction within the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), addressing a notable gap in understanding these relationships.

Data were collected from 97 full-time and part-time employees using a tailored survey instrument. Control variables included demographic factors, such as gender, age, marital status and hierarchical position. The study postulated four moderation hypotheses, conducted rigorous significance tests and demonstrated strong model reliability and validity, along with highly satisfactory fit parameters.

The findings confirm a positive association between the E, S and G factors and job satisfaction perceptions. Marital status was identified as a moderator in the relationship between social dimensions and job satisfaction. In addition, the multigroup analysis revealed variations in the associations between ESG dimensions and job satisfaction across different age groups, marital statuses and hierarchical positions.

The main contribution of this research lies in filling a significant gap in the understanding of how sociodemographic variables influence the relationship between employees and socially responsible behavior in SMEs.

Este estudio empírico tuvo como objetivo investigar el impacto de los factores ESG (ambientales, sociales y de gobierno corporativo) en la satisfacción laboral en el contexto de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYME), abordando una brecha notable en la comprensión de estas relaciones.

Se recopilaron datos de 97 empleados a tiempo completo y parcial utilizando un instrumento de encuesta personalizado. Las variables de control incluyeron factores demográficos, como género, edad, estado civil y posición jerárquica. El estudio postuló cuatro hipótesis de moderación, realizó pruebas de significación rigurosas y demostró una sólida confiabilidad y validez del modelo, junto con parámetros de ajuste altamente satisfactorios.

Los hallazgos confirman una asociación positiva entre los factores E, S y G y las percepciones de satisfacción laboral. El estado civil se identificó como un moderador en la relación entre las dimensiones sociales y la satisfacción laboral. Además, el análisis multigrupo reveló variaciones en las asociaciones entre las dimensiones ESG y la satisfacción laboral en diferentes grupos de edad, estados civiles y posiciones jerárquicas.

La principal contribución de esta investigación radica en llenar un vacío importante en nuestra comprensión de cómo las variables sociodemográficas influyen en la relación entre los empleados y el comportamiento socialmente responsable en las PYME.

Este estudo empírico teve como objetivo investigar o impacto dos fatores ESG (ambientais, sociais e de governança corporativa) na satisfação no trabalho no contexto de pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs), abordando uma lacuna notável na compreensão dessas relações.

Os dados foram coletados de 97 funcionários de período integral e parcial usando um instrumento de pesquisa personalizado. As variáveis de controle incluíram fatores demográficos, como gênero, idade, estado civil e posição hierárquica. O estudo postulou quatro hipóteses de moderação, conduziu testes de significância rigorosos e demonstrou forte confiabilidade e validade do modelo, juntamente com parâmetros de ajuste altamente satisfatórios.

Os resultados confirmam uma associação positiva entre os fatores E, S e G e as percepções de satisfação no trabalho. O estado civil foi identificado como moderador na relação entre dimensões sociais e satisfação no trabalho. Além disso, a análise multigrupo revelou variações nas associações entre dimensões ESG e satisfação no trabalho em diferentes faixas etárias, estados civis e posições hierárquicas.

A principal contribuição desta pesquisa está em preencher uma lacuna significativa em nossa compreensão de como as variáveis sociodemográficas influenciam o relacionamento entre funcionários e comportamento socialmente responsável em PMEs.

This study aims to test the effects of enterprise risk management (ERM) on firms’ outcomes and the moderating role of knowledge management (KM) on ERM–firms’ outcomes relationship.

Data were collected via a questionnaire survey among public listed companies on the principal stock exchange market in Malaysia. A total of 124 questionnaires were received by mail questionnaire. The results were examined through structural equation modelling and partial least squares.

The outcomes specified that ERM has a positive and noteworthy influence on firms’ outcomes, and KM has a moderating influence on the correlation among ERM and firms’ outcomes.

The qualities, procedures and laws of the Malaysian corporations chosen as the sample firms, as well as their regulations, may not be representative of all other countries. Moreover, this study considered only one variable as a moderator, while there are many variables that different studies can consider as moderator or mediators.

The results of this research imply that employees’ awareness and knowledge of events, opportunities and risk, along with their engagement in the institute’s strategy, are critical for risk management and controlling. For the managers, the results of this research can be helpful to their businesses by identifying the effective KM capability that may enhance their positive outcomes. Managers and organizations can use KM as an instrument to increase ERM effect on firms’ outcomes.

KM and ERM are both significant intangible resources that are hard to imitate and are uniquely specified programs, which are important contributors to firm success in the long run. Moreover, the contingency theory of ERM was proved through the results of this study as it was identified in the public companies, that implementation of ERM as a strategic management practice, by organizations along with an effective KM may enhance the achievement of objectives and outcomes.

This study helps to measure ERM comprehensively and how intangible assets such as KM can affect the comprehensive risk management process and its effectiveness.

The adverse impacts of climate change coupled with rapid informal urbanization in the Southern African region are increasing the vulnerability of already sensitive population groups. Consequently, these urban regions are highly vulnerable to urban heat island effects and heatwaves due to exogenous and endogenous factors. While the dynamic interplay between the built environment, climate and response strategies is known, this paper highlights the lived experience of informal settlement residents. It presents work from a project undertaken in Melusi, an informal settlement in Tshwane, South Africa, as a multi-disciplinary project focusing on improving the local resilience to climate change associated heat stress.

Following a mixed method approach, a semi-structured observational analysis of the spatial layout and material articulation of selected dwellings along with the continuous monitoring and recording of their indoor environments were undertaken.

The paper presents the research results in terms of the dwelling characteristics, as spatial and material-use strategies and documented heat stress exposure in these structures. The findings highlight that informal dwellings perform poorly in all cases due to endogenous factors and that inhabitants experience extreme heat stress conditions for between 6 and 10 h daily during the peak summer period.

Currently, there are little empirical data on the heat stress residents living in informal settlements in Southern Africa are experiencing. This article provides insight into the indoor environments of informal dwellings and hopes to contribute future guidelines or heat health policies.

In order to determine whether the factors affecting office worker well-being are location dependent, this exploratory study analyses the relative importance of different “building well-being” factors for prime office workers in two leading but environmentally contrastive real estate markets: London and Hong Kong.

This paper adopts a mixed methods sequential explanatory design (follow-up explanations model), consisting of three phases: an exploratory phase to refine the building well-being factors, a quantitative phase utilising a questionnaire to assess the relative importance of these building well-being factors (N = 281: London = 171; Hong Kong = 110), followed by a final phase of follow-up interviews with respondents to explore the reasons behind the significant differences observed in the quantitative phase (N = 13: London = 7; Hong Kong = 6).

While London and Hong Kong share some highly-ranking factors in common, significant differences in importance are observed for 17 of the 31 identified factors as a result of contrasting physical, economic, and cultural environments.

Despite growing recognition of the importance of the built environment on well-being, to the authors’ knowledge there has been no previous research investigating how building well-being demands may vary systematically across geographies. Understanding these differences has important implications for interpreting building well-being research, effective business operations, real estate investment, building certification scheme design, and governance of the built environment.

This study aims to examine key factors influencing hospitality employee turnover in a post-pandemic context, challenging conventional assumptions about the role of demographics and work-related factors in retention decisions.

The research adopted a comprehensive framework using the capability approach and geospatial data analysis, integrating social vulnerability indexes with survey responses from 797 hospitality employees. This study analyzed turnover intentions across demographics, job roles and regions, focusing on Florida’s I-4 corridor.

Individual conversion factors like age and marital status were the strongest predictors of turnover, with older and married employees less likely to leave their jobs. In contrast, traditional variables like income, education and job type did not significantly influence turnover intentions. The pandemic blurred distinctions between job roles, highlighting personal circumstances, health risks and economic pressures as critical factors. Contrary to expectations, financial assistance did not significantly reduce turnover intentions. In addition, employees’ life circumstances, such as social vulnerability, influence labor relations and turnover more than work-related conditions.

This study enriches turnover literature by confirming that personal life circumstances, like age and marital status, are pivotal in understanding employee retention. It challenges conventional demographic and work-related predictors and urges future research to explore the interaction between personal and professional factors in the hospitality industry. The study’s agent-based framework deepens the understanding of how various factors shape employee decisions to stay or leave.

The findings suggest that hospitality employers must develop more localized, employee-centric retention strategies, especially for younger employees. Tailored approaches considering regional and demographic differences, such as providing career development opportunities and flexible work conditions, could foster long-term loyalty. In rural areas, retention efforts should focus on improving job satisfaction and community support, while in urban areas, strategies prioritize career progression and flexibility.

The study’s findings have significant social implications, particularly in reshaping how employee retention strategies are developed in the hospitality industry. By emphasizing life circumstances over traditional work-related factors, the research highlights the importance of supporting employees’ resilience, especially for those facing social vulnerability. Employers may need to create more flexible and inclusive policies that account for personal, economic and health-related challenges. In addition, the findings suggest that financial aid alone is insufficient in reducing turnover, calling for a more holistic approach that integrates emotional and social support to foster a more stable and loyal workforce.

This study challenges traditional turnover models by shifting focus from work-related factors to life circumstances, particularly the resilience of older and married employees. It integrates three dimensions – personal (sociodemographics), social (support) and environmental (job type, pandemic challenges) – to examine their influence on employee agency. This triadic framework offers insights into how individual, social and contextual factors shape turnover decisions.

This chapter discusses the role of school leadership in the face of climate disasters and environmental injustices. These disruptions to schooling are emblematic of an increasing global uncertainty. School leaders play a pivotal role mitigating uncertainty following an environmental crisis or disaster through leadership activities that support their communities. However, preparing school leaders for unexpected disruptions to schooling has often been overlooked by preparation programs and professional development. The goal of this chapter is to equip school leaders with an essential understanding of both the influence of environmental injustice on schools and the tools to respond effectively to these events. First, the chapter contextualizes environmental injustice and inequality as a factor that influences school and student performance, especially for students living below the poverty line and students of color. Next, it synthesizes how school leaders have responded to prior instances of climate disasters and environmental injustices. Finally, it presents key considerations for school leaders confronting future occurrences.

Various publications have extensively documented the advantages of a circular economy in ensuring sustainability and limiting climate change. Despite academic records emphasising the need to adopt this business strategy, entrepreneurs in developing countries prefer linear economies. This reluctance is attributable to several factors, including insufficient infrastructure and technology, limited financial access, inadequate education systems and the prevalence of informal enterprises. Therefore, a thorough analysis of the underlying economic, political and social conditions is required to identify the drivers of circular economies (CEs) and their contribution to entrepreneurship in developing countries.

In this study, the authors first conducted a comprehensive quantitative literature review based on LangChain to identify the critical CE drivers from the social, technological and organisational perspectives. Based on the input from the expert panel of Iranian academic and industry professionals, the authors applied an integrated fuzzy interpretive structural modelling and cross-impact matrix multiplication approach to classification (Fuzzy-ISM-MICMAC) to investigate the chronology of entrepreneurial drivers.

Level-based model results reveal entrepreneurial drivers in developing nations and their interrelationships, specifically underlining the importance of supply chain factors and stakeholder preferences. Thus, the differences between the perception of the main drivers in developed and developing economies can be identified, with the former paying particular attention to legislative and financial factors. The study's findings contribute to conserving resources, reducing waste and adopting more sustainable corporate practices, thereby assisting developing countries in achieving development goals.

This study employs an innovative quantitative systematic literature review approach that relies on a large language model to identify the drivers of the CE. Furthermore, it adopts a systematic approach to examine the enablers of the CE rather than a narrow and individual perspective of the entrepreneurial drivers. The study employs the fuzzy ISM MICMAC technique to showcase the prioritisation of entrepreneurial prospects in emerging economies.