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Limited research has investigated how spirit at work, functioning as a “good barrel,” fosters ethical decision-making (EDM) even in the presence of unethical managerial behavior (“bad apples”). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the spirit at work, a situational variable, as a moderating variable in the relationship between the love of money (LoM), an individual-level factor, and EDM.

A time-lagged survey of the members of the Marketing Association of Pakistan was conducted. The data were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling.

Adding to much of the existing research, which finds that LoM can influence ethical intention directly, this research finds that LoM influences ethical intention only through ethical judgment. Moreover, the spirit at work tempers the negative relationship between LoM and ethical judgment, thereby mitigating LoM’s detrimental effects not only on ethical judgment but also its downstream effects on ethical intention.

Organizations, by planting the seeds of spirit at work, can institutionalize good barrels, which can alleviate the negative effects of the marketing managers’ LoM, the root cause of unethical behavior. This way, this study establishes a business case for spirit at work.

The novelty of this study is the development and investigation of a holistic conceptual framework for EDM of marketing professionals that incorporates LoM as an antecedent, ethical judgment as an underlying mechanism, ethical intention as an outcome variable and spirit at work as a boundary condition.

This study aims to find out the role of green curriculum (GC) in making a green generation (GG) and ensuring sustainability. The study considers the green curriculum a key factor for understanding environmental values orientation (EVO) and adopting pro-environmental behaviors (Pr-EnB) for social, economic, human and environmental sustainability.

The study is quantitative and cross-sectional. Partial least square-structural equation modeling was used to test the research model and data which was collected through a questionnaire survey from university faculty and students in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and China.

The findings show that the GC has significant positive effects on EVO and pro-environmental behavior. However, it has no significant effect on social sustainability. There is a positive significant effect of pro-environmental behavior on economic, environmental, human and social sustainability. Whereas, environmental orientation has no significant effect on economic sustainability but significantly influences environmental, human and social sustainability. GC has no significant effect on economic, environmental and human sustainability. However, when considering the combined effects of GC and environmental values orientation or pro-environmental behavior, significant positive effects were found on economic, environmental, human and social sustainability.

The result suggests that implementing a GC positively influences environmental orientation, pro-environmental behavior and various dimensions of sustainability.

These results have implications for educational institutions and policymakers aiming to promote sustainability through green curriculum and help in the attainment of sustainable development goals.

The study fulfills an essential need to obtain sustainability and sustainable development goals through education.

The research on intellectual capital focuses on the role of innovative technologies in organizational systems, particularly in knowledge generation and learning processes. This study addresses the third stage of intellectual capital research, emphasizing how innovative technologies like generative AI (Gen AI) applications can enhance learning experiences, individual talents and personalized learning. Based on the WEST model, this study examines the relationship between attitude, competency, experience, Gen AI integration and managers’ creative involvement. Additionally, it investigates the direct and mediating roles of Gen AI integration and managers’ creative involvement in improving learning effectiveness.

A cross-sectional survey of managers from organizations operating in diverse sectors of Saudi Arabia was conducted using a web-administered structured questionnaire. PLS-based structural equation modeling was employed to assess the hypothesized relationships.

The results revealed that the manager’s Gen AI experience, competency, attitude and access positively affect its integration. However, only Gen AI competence and attitudes demonstrated the same positive impact on managers’ creative involvement. Furthermore, Gen AI integration and creative involvement positively and significantly impact learning effectiveness. The study also uncovered the positive mediation of Gen AI integration in enabling all four antecedents to enhance learning effectiveness. However, the mediation of creative involvement was corroborated only for the Gen AI attitudes and competence.

This study examines how integrating innovative technologies, such as generative AI, enhances the learning experience, develops individual talents and personalizes learning in workplace contexts at the managerial level. By providing new insights into the dynamics of generative AI integration in workplace settings, it significantly contributes to the generative AI literature.

Entrepreneurship is often seen as a journey filled with emotions. However, the literature lacks an empirical framework for how emotions relate to entrepreneurial intention. Drawing upon an extended view of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) that emotions may have a direct and/or indirect effect on intention, this study investigates how positive and negative emotions influence entrepreneurial intention.

Applying the partial least squares structural equation model in SmartPLS 4, the hypothesized relationships were examined with a sample of 553 survey respondents from Bangladesh during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. All respondents were Bangladeshi nationals.

This study found that positive emotions have both significant direct and indirect effects, whereas negative emotions only have a significant indirect effect on entrepreneurial intention through personal attitudes and perceived behavioral control. Contrary to the extant understanding, this study found no significant relationship between subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention. Notably, the results did not vary between the during- and post-COVID-19 periods.

This study adds valuable insights into the relatively unexplored field of entrepreneurial intention by extending the TPB and demonstrating how emotions relate to entrepreneurial intention.

This study examines the impact of five dimensions of decent work on the faculty engagement in Pakistan’s higher education institutions. Furthermore, it examines the moderating influence of intrinsic religiosity on the associations above.

This research employed a cross-sectional approach to collect data from 542 faculty members working with higher education institutions through electronic and in-person questionnaire administration.

The findings indicate that safe interpersonal working conditions, opportunities for free time and rest, adequate compensation, and the availability of healthcare services significantly positively impact the level of work engagement among faculty members. Additionally, the research revealed that intrinsic religiosity reinforces the previously established significant associations.

The research acknowledges specific constraints that could impact the applicability of its findings, including the utilization of a cross-sectional methodology, the dependence on self-reported information, and the possibility of sample biases. Subsequent investigations may rectify these constraints to provide a more all-encompassing comprehension of the subject matter.

The findings possess practical significance for the management of HEIs in cultivating an ideal working atmosphere for faculty members. Ensuring adequate compensation, secure working environments and healthcare accessibility is underscored to enhance faculty engagement. Furthermore, acknowledging the significance of intrinsic religiosity can improve faculty engagement.

This research contributes to the current body of literature by investigating the complex relationship among decent work, faculty engagement, and intrinsic religiosity in the specific context of higher education institutions in Pakistan.

Purpose: The purpose has multiple purposes. Hence, this study has been conducted not only to shed light on the factors associated with place attachment but also to make people understand the two-way association between firm performance and CSR activities of small-scale tourism companies.

Significance and Scope: This chapter is specifically written in association with the tourism industry to make readers understand the implication of place attachment with CSR activities. This chapter also has a role in theoretical optimization as it highlights possible two-way associations between firm performance and CSR.

Research Gap: The lack of studies associated with this point is the major cause of concern. Therefore, this study has been conducted specifically to understand the importance of place attachment for CSR activities of small-scale tourism companies. Moreover, almost all of the studies conducted in this vein highlighted only the reasons for place attachment and their association with the CSR of the small-scale tourism industry. None of the studies are inclined toward model extension and enhancement.

Data Collection: Data have been collected through published material to develop postulates and models authentically.

Findings: After the compilation of data, it has been presumed that place attachment is one of the important elements in CSR activities of small-scale tourism businesses. However, the model can be reassessed in two-way association as a decline in the company's performance may also cause a decline in CSR activities and also in place attachment.

While the foundations of alms tax (zakat) regulations remain firmly rooted in solid Islamic law (Shariah), the landscape of zakat laws has recently witnessed the emergence of nuanced issues and complexities that warrant careful consideration and scholarly investigation. Such intricacies might lead to a lack of compliance with the regulatory and legal framework many Muslim countries have implemented. Thus, this paper aims to empirically delve into the role of zakat law intricacies in compliance behaviour and how it can strengthen the impact of crucial socio-economic motivations, including perceived zakat governance and institutional credibility.

Drawn from a validated socio-economic model, this study used a quantitative approach, using a self-administered survey distributed among SME entrepreneurs. SmartPLS was used to yield meaningful results.

Results indicate that the more intricate the zakat law and regulations, the lower zakat compliance tends to be. However, socio-economic motivations (zakat governance and institutional credibility) positively drive the compliance behaviour of zakat payers. Interestingly, socio-economic factors lose their positive effect on zakat compliance in the face of zakat law intricacies.

As the contemporary world grapples with dynamic social and economic challenges and evolving legal frameworks, the landscape of zakat laws and regulations finds itself at a crossroads. While the essence of zakat remains unchanged, modern contexts have introduced new dimensions that require the re-valuation of existing regulatory frameworks. From the intricacies of cross-border zakat to digital assets and emerging financial instruments, zakat governance is undergoing a profound transformation. Therefore, the outcomes that emerged from this study provide deeper insights for policymakers and practitioners in the Islamic world into how some potential interventions can enhance the zakat legal framework. Simplification initiatives, educational campaigns and an effective zakat governance structure aligned strictly with Islamic law can offer a nuanced understanding of zakat payers’ compliance behaviour.

The novelty of this research lies in its focused analysis of zakat law intricacies – a topic that has been overlooked in the literature despite its critical importance.

Drawing on psychological development and mixed embeddedness theories, the authors of the present paper seek to identify why some senior individuals in the Egyptian context actively engage in self-employment while others avoid it.

The empirical sample comprised semi-structured interviews with 30 senior entrepreneurs who have pursued entrepreneurial activities for at least one year. Thematic analysis was subsequently used to determine the main ideas in the interview transcripts.

The authors identified the following three categories of motives: cultural (religious considerations, successful global and local role models, networking and social recognition), economic (minimal required business skills and capital, zero tax and no business registration, expectations of profits and guaranteed market and insufficient pension for life needs) and ageing and individual motivations (reviving their civilisational heritage, abundance of time and escaping from loneliness). We consider these as explaining why senior individuals engage in entrepreneurial activities. Moreover, the authors found that the health status of senior individuals, negative influence on pension and limited capital available are the main reasons why some seniors avoid self-employment.

This paper contributes by filling a gap in the literature on senior entrepreneurship, about which empirical studies, particularly in the context of North African economically uncertain countries, such as Egypt, have been limited so far.

This study examines the impact of entrepreneurial leadership (EL) on Chinese micro and small family businesses’ (MSFBs) innovativeness. Drawing on the resource-based view, this research study further explores the intermediary roles of proactive personality (PP) and affective commitment (AC) between ELs’ and MSFBs’ innovativeness. Besides this, the present work proposes a novel contingency impact of big data-powered artificial intelligence (BDAI) between EL, PP and AC, which indirectly spurs MSFBs’ innovativeness.

This study proposed a moderated mediation model using multi-wave, multi-source, time-lagged datasets of 380 employees from 190 Chinese MSFBs. We tested our hypotheses using structural equation modeling through the PLS technique.

The findings reveal a significant impact of EL on MSFB innovativeness, underscoring the pivotal intermediary roles of EL in driving MSFB innovativeness. Furthermore, BDAI emerges as a critical contingency factor, amplifying the effects of EL on both PP and AC to spur MSFBs’ innovativeness.

Our research offers several practical implications for Chinese MSFBs aiming to enhance innovativeness and competitive advantage. Firstly, understanding the direct impact of EL on MSFBs’ innovativeness provides valuable guidance for MSFB leaders. Secondly, recognizing the mediating roles of PP and AC underscores the importance of human and social capital in driving innovation within Chinese MSFBs. Thirdly, leveraging BDAI as a contingency factor can further augment the effects of EL on both PP and AC, thereby enhancing innovation outcomes. Thus, managers can capitalize on BDAI to gain actionable insights to increase MSFBs’ innovativeness.

This study enlightened how EL can develop MSFBs innovativeness through PP and AC. Our findings reveal that MSFBs can increase their innovation by leveraging PP and AC, leading to higher proactive provision in employees’ behavior. Subsequently, our results synchronized the exploration of BDAI as a novel insight for MSFB innovativeness. This shed light on a highly notable contribution to understanding BDAI to benefit MSFBs, acting as a critical contingency between EL, PP and AC.

This study aims to investigate whether banks’ environmental, social and governance (ESG) activities impact their profitability and stability. The authors also explore whether banking industry competition and the country’s regulatory quality moderate the impact of banks’ ESG on their profitability and stability.

The sample includes data from 46 banks in 11 Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC) from 2010 to 2020. The authors have used the generalized method of moments (GMM) as the primary estimation model, with robustness tests to validate research findings.

The results show that neither ESG nor its components impact bank profitability. Instead, ESG and its social component decrease bank stability. The findings neither support the stakeholder theory nor the risk-management view, which proposes that ESG activities improve financial performance and reduce unnecessary risks. However, an increase in market power (reduced competition) frees resources for banks, such that they focus more on ESG activities, which improves profitability, albeit at reduced stability levels. This finding supports the competition-related differentiation hypothesis. Finally, a country’s regulatory quality change does not influence bank ESG to impact its profitability or stability. This finding does not support the institutions-ESG proposition.

This study has several limitations. First, constrained by data availability, the authors could not examine Islamic banks in OIC countries. Examining the ESG outcomes in Islamic banks would be interesting based on Islamic ethics and corporate social responsibility perspectives. The data set could also be more recent so that the differential impact of COVID-19 on bank ESG and financial performance could be estimated. The coverage of OIC countries was limited in our sample; this could be improved in future research.

Banks should evaluate the focus and scope of their ESG activities, communicate their long-term strategic benefits with stakeholders and align ESG with their strategy and business model to offer innovative ESG-based products. They should also recalibrate ESG in their risk management framework to catalyse stability and stakeholders’ trust. Policymakers should control the level of competition so banks can foster ESG without sacrificing financial performance. Also, banks should be given regulatory incentives so ESG becomes integral to bank growth, direction and stability.

ESG should be part of banks’ strategy and business model, to maximize its benefits for stakeholders, while maintaining competition and providing regulatory incentives.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the influence of bank ESG activities on their profitability and stability in OIC countries. The authors also extend the theoretical literature by connecting competition and regulatory quality to ESG-led financial performance.