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Capacitive six-axis force/torque (F/T) sensors require various configurations to fulfill diverse performance requirements; however, a systematic method to assess the feasibility of any new configuration is lacking. This study aims to propose three criteria for evaluating the rationality of these configurations, enabling a quick determination of the feasibility of the initial structure of the sensor.

This study used sensitivity isotropy as a performance metric. By examining the signal conversion process from F/T to displacement using the compliance transformation matrix, the authors identified Criterion 1: the symmetry condition. By analyzing the decoupling process of the sensor, the authors discovered Criterion 2: the capacitor arrangement condition. Through the optimization of analog sensors, this study derived Criterion 3: the range and structural parameters conditions. Ultimately, this study designed and fabricated a sensor that fulfills these criteria, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of the approach through its performance.

By analogy with capacitive six-axis F/T sensors that have demonstrated exceptional performance in recent years, the authors have found that they all meet the criteria proposed in this paper. Furthermore, the sensor designed and fabricated in this study achieves an accuracy of 0.64% FS, surpassing both the accuracy and sensitivity of the commercially available high-performance ATI industrial automation (Gamma) sensor. This underscores the feasibility of this study’s criteria.

By following the configuration guidelines presented in this paper, designers can quickly assess whether a new configuration will perform well at the early stages of the design process. This makes it easier to consider other requirements while meeting the basic performance needs, thereby significantly enhancing design efficiency.

As an important engine of economic growth, the digital economy is bringing new opportunities for the promotion of entrepreneurship. However, key questions regarding the extent of the effect of the digital economy on entrepreneurship remain unanswered. This study examines how the digital economy influences entrepreneurship in China using provincial data from 2011–2020, applying convergence tests and spatial econometric models.

Based on theoretical analysis and using macro provincial data covering the period of 2011–2020, we adopt a diversified empirical analytical method and apply a combination of the convergence trend test, spatial auto correlation test, and spatial Durbin model to test the research hypotheses.

First, there is spatial correlation between the digital economy and entrepreneurship. Second, the overall trend of China’s digital economy shows s convergence, with the whole country and the eastern region showing absolute β convergence and the whole country as well as the central and western regions showing β conditional convergence. Third, the digital economy can significantly promote entrepreneurship and has spatial spillover effects. Moreover, higher education has a negative moderating effect on the process of digital economy empowering entrepreneurship.

Studying the spatially correlated impacts of the digital economy on entrepreneurship enhances our understanding of its contribution to economic growth. Policy-makers can use these findings to develop targeted digital infrastructure investments in lagging provinces, guide entrepreneurs to better grasp the opportunities of the digital economy, and provide support for innovation and entrepreneurship. The findings also could offer Chinese experience that can be used to guide developing countries in utilizing the digital economy to enable entrepreneurship.

This paper expands and enriches the analytical focus on digital economy-empowered entrepreneurship and complements the current theoretical research on the moderating effect of the digital economy in empowering entrepreneurship.

This study aimed to verify the impact of e-commerce live streaming interactivity on consumer engagement behavior. Specifically, the multiple dimensions of interactivity and tie strength together form a high-level consumer engagement behavior.

Data collection was carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey. Data from 416 respondents were analyzed by structural, followed by further test by fsQCA method.

Perceived controllability, perceived responsiveness and perceived mutuality positively influence tie strength, and tie strength promotes consumer engagement behavior. Moreover, we found a configuration effect between interactivity and tie strength and revealed four configurations that can affect high-level engagement behavior.

First, the SEM results show that the three dimensions of perceived interactivity positively impact tie strength: perceived controllability, perceived responsiveness, and perceived mutuality. And perceived personalization has no positive impact on tie strength. Second, the relevant results show that tie strength positively impacts consumer engagement behavior. Third, we find that the relationship between perceived interactivity and consumer engagement behavior may not be asymmetric, so the alternative combination of causal conditions may produce the same results. The fsQCA results revealed four configurations that can affect the level of consumer engagement behavior. And tie strength is the core condition.

This study provides specific solutions for e-retailers and live streaming platforms to promote consumers' participation in engagement behavior in e-commerce live streaming.

This study transforms the linear impact of interactivity on consumer engagement behavior into a configuration effect for the first time, and enriches the live streaming commerce and consumer engagement behavior literature.

Using social exchange theory, this paper explores the relationship between supervisor perceived organizational support and supervisor developmental feedback. It verifies the mediating role of supervisor felt obligation to organization and the moderating role of supervisor core self-evaluation in this relationship.

A two-wave survey sampling method was applied to collect 247 pieces of paired data (supervisors-new employees) in organizations in China.

The results show that supervisor felt obligation to organization mediates the relationship between supervisor perceived organizational support and supervisor developmental feedback. The findings suggest that a high level of supervisor core self-evaluation strengthens the relationship between supervisor perceived organizational support and supervisor felt obligation to organization and then facilitates supervisor developmental feedback.

This study combines two perspectives, organizational factor and supervisor trait, to reveal the occurrence mechanism of supervisor developmental feedback and complements the research on the influencing factors of supervisor developmental feedback. In addition, it provides some theoretical guidance and practical insights into how organizations can motivate supervisors to provide developmental feedback to new employees.

Language styles of online reviews are becoming increasingly important in consumers’ purchase decisions. However, there are inconsistencies in research on the effects of literal and figurative language styles in online reviews on service consumption. Drawing upon construal level theory, this research explores the effects of literal and figurative online reviews on consumers’ word-of-mouth recommendations and their internal mechanisms in the context of service consumption. In addition, this research identifies service types (experience vs credence services) as boundary conditions under which online review language styles play a role.

Three studies are designed to verify the effect of language style in online reviews on consumer word-of-mouth recommendations. Study 1 (N = 195) tests the interaction between construal level and (literal vs figurative) language style on consumers’ word-of-mouth recommendations. Study 2 (N = 191) identifies the depth of information processing as an underlying mechanism. Study 3 (N = 466) examines the boundary condition due to service type. The main methods used are independent sample t-test, ANOVA and bootstrapping.

The results illustrate that (1) consumers at different construal levels prefer online reviews with different language styles, and this can influence their word-of-mouth recommendations: consumers with a low construal level prefer online reviews with a literal language style, while those with a high construal level prefer online reviews with a figurative language style; (2) the depth of information processing plays a mediating role in the above interaction effect and (3) service type serves as a boundary condition such that the preference for literal (vs figurative) language style among low- (vs high-) construal-level consumers holds only for experience services; for credence services, online reviews with a literal language style enhance word-of-mouth recommendations, regardless of consumers’ construal level. The findings shed light on the drivers of word-of-mouth recommendations and provide insights to promote more effective word-of-mouth recommendations.

Drawing upon the construal level theory, this research explores the factors that influence online review language styles on consumer word-of-mouth recommendations and their underlying mechanisms and discusses the moderating effects of different service types (i.e. experience services and trust services). It not only sheds light on the contradictions in the previous literature but also provides new insights for academics and business managers to deepen their understanding of facilitating word-of-mouth recommendations.