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Acknowledging that technology incubators are gendered organizations, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how gender patterns, norms and practices of entrepreneurial masculinities are performed within technology incubators. Although incubators within the same country represent similar types of contexts, they also develop organizational variations. Local gender regimes, norms and actions within an incubator have implications for the type of entrepreneurs who are attracted to and feel included in a particular incubator.

Four Norwegian incubators were studied. Data was collected through interviews with incubator managers, and male and female entrepreneurs. The interview data was complemented with observations and analysis of webpages. To analyse data, we used a qualitative, inductive approach, where a thematic analysis helped us to create a framework of incubators as gendered organizations.

Building on Connell's (2006) four-dimension framework, we found that the studied incubators all perform gendered patterns, norms and practices, related to division of labour, relations of power, emotion and human relations as well as culture and symbolism. They facilitate and perform entrepreneurial masculinities in different ways, expressing both traditional and modern masculine ideals. We found several examples of how these masculine ideals and norms were dominating, with effects on both female and male founders and expressed through a variety of emotions.

This study contributes to literature on masculinities, by exploring the pluralities of masculinity within incubators as gendered regimes. Further, findings contribute to the understanding of incubators as gendered organizations.

Ethical issues surround and permanently reside in the discipline of marketing and have been examined within multiple schools of thought. However, despite the prevalence of the topic and significant scholarly attention and theoretical development since the 1980s, the Hunt–Vitell general model has not been subject to a substantial revision in decades. This paper aims to undertake the significant task of augmenting and advancing the general theoretical framework of marketing ethics through a number of revisions.

This paper synthesizes the conceptual and empirical work on marketing ethics to date to extend the seminal Hunt and Vitell (1986, 2006) model of marketing ethics.

The revised model expands upon the Hunt–Vitell model by incorporating additional factors that influence ethical decision-making in marketing. Key additions include cultural orientation, socialization, individual characteristics (relativism, demographics, goals, position), means, contracts, consumer sovereignty, self-respect, respect from others and context. These additions create a more comprehensive framework for understanding ethical behavior in marketing, enhancing the model’s validity and applicability.

The paper offers numerous research avenues, including: 1. Examining how marketers and entrepreneurs make decisions, focusing on the alignment of their processes with ethical principles. 2. Revisiting research on gender and ethics, exploring the interplay of various social identities in ethical decision-making. 3. Developing new measures for personality traits like idealism and relativism within marketing and entrepreneurship contexts. 4. Investigating the impact of information availability and different types of information on consumer perceptions and ethical behavior. 5. Exploring the disconnect between ethical orientations of marketing managers and consumers. 6. Examining the influence of socialization processes on ethical orientations. 7. Incorporating psychological constructs like self-respect and desire for respect into models of ethical decision-making. 8. Conducting context-specific research to understand the relationship between ethical judgment and action. 9. Empirical testing using both vignettes and structural equation modeling to validate the model and explore its implications for both marketers and consumers, especially in the context of brand activism and public relations crises.

Practitioners should be mindful of how their actions and intentions influence ethical judgments. They should integrate ethical considerations into all aspects of business, including CSR initiatives and training. Promoting diversity and transparency fosters ethical decision-making and builds trust with consumers. Entrepreneurs should model ethical behavior, create an ethical culture and provide clear information about their practices.

The revised model highlights the significant social implications of ethical decision-making in marketing and entrepreneurship. By considering not only the outcomes but also the means used to achieve them, businesses can avoid negative impacts on society. This includes prioritizing transparency, fairness and responsible practices. Understanding the influence of cultural, individual and contextual factors on ethical behavior can lead to more ethical business practices, ultimately contributing to a more just and sustainable society.

The revised model constitutes a meaningful improvement to the seminal Hunt–Vitell general model of marketing ethics. Seven new research propositions, a simplified measurement model, research and practitioner implications and an Appendix that offers an overview of four decades of marketing ethics research are also provided.

The purpose of this study is to analyse recent empirical research that has explored the field of telepractice in early intervention for families of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

The systematic review included 16 studies from 2012 and 2022 that examined the field of telepractice in early intervention for families of children with ASD. Analyses focused on the accessibility of telepractice and comparison with traditional treatment, the effectiveness of telepractice for parents in learning strategies in the home environment and the effectiveness of telepractice for children with ASD. What are the differences related to formats of telepractice and whether telepractice presents some technical challenges for families?

The results indicate that telepractice can make an important contribution to more intensive and better quality treatment. The review of studies shows positive effects in terms of parental satisfaction and the effectiveness of telecare interventions for children. Some early intervention telepractice programmes also report improvements in parents’ use of strategies, communication skills, imitation skills and interaction with children.

The studies reviewed were conducted on relatively small samples. Many of them did not include a control group. Only three studies compared traditional formats with distance treatments. Some studies did not include professional support for parents. Some studies had shorter time periods of distance treatment. Some studies had a high lack of feedback from parents on the use of telepractice. In the future, more randomized controlled trials should be conducted in the field of telepractice in early intervention, based on larger samples and including a control group. It would be advisable to compare the different types of distance treatments with each other and with the traditional face-to-face format. Further research should examine the impact of participant characteristics, socioeconomic status and participant demographics, together with individual needs, perceptions and treatment responses to telepractice. Given the mixed results regarding the impact of early distance treatment in reducing stress in parents, further research in this area is recommended.

From this systematic review, the authors can conclude that the optimal early intervention would be a hybrid training, i.e. the implementation of both approaches so that the family has the opportunity to have a traditional contact with a specialist and the use of telepractice, which can increase the number of treatments and reduce costs. The authors suggest that parents and telepractice providers be educated about the safe and appropriate use of telepractice. Professionals should also have coaching skills to conduct telepractice and adapt some strategies (such as prompting and modelling) taking into account the specific needs of parents and children and be frequently available to the family. There should also be higher levels of support for parents’ well-being.

Policy proposals include raising the level of early intervention for children with ASD, as this can have more lasting effects for families of children with ASD. This may have an impact by reducing the costs of support for families later on. Funding is recommended for developers of online platforms that create a safe and effective basis for telecoaching practice, for appropriate technical equipment for professionals and families and for education for professionals in the use of telepractice.

Based on the analysis of the recent research, suggestions and guidelines for the effective use of telepractice in early intervention for children with ASD and their families are presented.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of human capital investment (HCI) on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in SMEs. Analysing a sample of 1,136 firms (729 FBs and 407 NFBs) and using a PLS-PM methodology, our results support that HCI has a favourable impact on CSR practices in SMEs and that family business (FB) status plays a moderating role on these relationships.

We estimate the proposed model using partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM), a variance-based structural equation (SEM) method, using SmartPLS 3.3 software. PLS simultaneously evaluates the reliability and validity of the variables (external model) and the estimation of the trajectories between these constructs (internal model). The PLS-PM technique is appropriate in this research because: 1. the model makes use of type A composites; 2. the proposed research model has some complexity since we pay attention to the existence of moderating effects; and 3. no specific distribution is required in PLS indicators.

The main findings of this study are: (1) HCI increases CSR practices in the SME context and (2) FB status exerts a positive influence on the relationship between HCI and CSR practices.

This study, grounded in RBV theory and the concept of “familiness,” uses employees' education and training to measure HCI in FBs. While other research focuses on employee competence and attitude to define HCI, future studies should explore all these elements to better understand their impact on CSR practices in SMEs. Additionally, factors like regulation, organisational culture and personal traits may influence the relationship between HCI and CSR practices, suggesting the need for further research. Future studies could also examine family SMEs by considering aspects such as family management or governance as moderating variables, contributing to the discussion on FB heterogeneity. Causes of heterogeneity in FBs include goals, governance structures and resources, supporting recent calls for a deeper understanding of these variations, particularly in how HCI affects CSR practices.

This study also highlights several practical contributions. Today’s complex business environment requires organisations to focus on a wide range of stakeholders to remain sustainable. Organisations must understand how HCI influences CSR practices, specifically how education and training for both employees and managers lead to greater sustainable practices. Therefore, awareness and training for family employees, CEOs and external staff are essential for the proper development of CSR practices. Increased education or training programs by public and private institutions or incentive schemes could help promote these practices within firms. Our results further suggest that governments and other organisations interested in business development should not assume that HCI is universally beneficial for CSR practices in all firms. Specifically, the study shows that HCI has a positive effect on different dimensions of CSR in SMEs, and this influence is even more pronounced in family SMEs. Therefore, government agencies and employers' associations should consider the impact of these factors—HCI and FB status—when designing and implementing more effective policies.

This study makes several theoretical contributions. It explores the influence of HCI on multiple dimensions of CSR, focusing on individual-level drivers like education and training for managers and employees. The findings reveal that HCI positively affects environmental, labour and social CSR practices, especially in SMEs. The study also highlights the unique role of FBs, showing that FB status strengthens the relationship between HCI and CSR due to their focus on long-term goals and community well-being. This research addresses gaps in understanding the heterogeneity of CSR practices between FBs and non-family businesses (NFBs).

This article is original, unpublished and all sources and contributions have been properly acknowledged.

This academic analysis explores the dynamic landscape of wellness tourism from 1998 to September 2021, emphasizing the surge in scholarly publications post-2010, primarily contributed by the United States. Key findings identify major authors, significant papers, and evolving trends while acknowledging research limitations and offering recommendations. Additionally, the 2022 study highlights 10 pivotal elements enriching holistic health resorts, coupled with strategic marketing and DMO influence. A comprehensive review utilizing the PRISMA methodology reveals two significant research clusters, focusing on tourist motivations and behavior, anticipating post-pandemic research and the need for diverse data sources. Wellness tourism embodies dynamism and diversity, driven by an ever-growing yearning for well-being, relaxation, and self-care. Travelers can choose from a broad spectrum of dimensions and destinations to personalize their wellness journeys according to their unique aspirations and goals, making it an exceptionally adaptable and customized form of travel. The industry's trajectory is set for continued expansion and transformation as more individuals acknowledge the paramount importance of nurturing their holistic well-being. However, a notable research gap is identified: the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies like wearable technology, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence in wellness tourism remains underexplored. This study addresses this void by investigating the utilization of technology to craft personalized and immersive wellness experiences, its impact on traveler preferences and behavior, and its role in destination management and marketing strategies. Recognizing technology's pivotal role in wellness tourism, this study seeks to bridge the gap between traditional wellness practices and contemporary technological advancements, fostering a holistic approach to well-being in the modern era.

The purpose of this paper is to identify how internal marketing can be used to increase the satisfaction and retention of Generation Z employees within the global banking sector, and the changes which organizations must make to their internal marketing strategies to achieve these outcomes.

The paper adopts a qualitative, cross-sectional and descriptive research methodology. Data are collected through individual and focus group interviews of 38 Generation Z banking employees and of 28 older colleagues engaged in internal marketing. Thematic coding is undertaken using template analysis.

The results indicate clearly that Generation Z employees have different expectations of internal marketing from previous generations. Specifically, they demand more inclusive tones and interactive methods of communication, validation of their choice of employer and industry, and greater levels of interaction and inclusivity within internal marketing initiatives.

This is the first study to analyse how internal marketing in the banking sector must evolve to meet the needs of its Generation Z employees. This is critical as Generation Z is the world’s largest generational population, will staff almost all entry-level roles by 2030, and already has half its population in the workplace.

This paper aims to develop a digital transformation model in hospitals. This study proposes a digital transformation model in hospitals by formulating dimensions and sub-dimensions. The proposed hospital digital transformation model outlines why and how each of dimensions and sub-dimensions are important in the hospital digital transformation model.

This study chose the type of qualitative research using a phenomenology approach. This study used observation techniques and in-depth interviews with 11 informants and conducted group discussion forums with information technology governance experts, a hospital information technology department manager who has an information technology background, and doctor representatives. The data were documented and analyzed using triangulation techniques.

This research provides empirical insights into the dimensions and sub-dimensions of hospital digital transformation models. The findings of the digital transformation dimension in hospitals are 7 dimensions and 37 sub-dimensions, namely, the governance and management dimension which has 8 sub-dimensions; the person has 9 sub-dimensions; strategy dimension which has 5 sub-dimensions; information technology capability has 3 sub-dimensions; the data interoperability dimension has 3 sub-dimensions; the data analytics dimension has 5 sub-dimensions; patient dimensions have 4 sub-dimensions; the findings of the sub-dimensions involved in the digital transformation dimension of the hospital can provide input on the accuracy of the indicators measuring the hospital’s digital transformation.

This research is limited to the qualitative type of phenomenology approach so that future research can test empirically with quantitative methods with techniques through surveys of dimensional and sub-dimensional relationships to hospital digital transformation. The researchers also recommend further assessing the findings of this paper which can develop as a model for measuring the maturity of hospital digital transformation.

This paper covers the implications of developing a hospital digital transformation model that can be used to organize and manage hospital digital transformation.

This paper can be used as a guideline for hospital stakeholders when carrying out digital transformation. This paper can be used as a reference for further research to find, study and develop dimensions and sub-dimensions of digital transformation models.

This research explores the drivers that determine the ability of spontaneous volunteer groups (SVGs) to sustain their operations. That sustainability aims to support those affected in the community beyond the response phases of a disaster and into the recovery and mitigation phases to build resilience to the next disaster.

To investigate the sustainability of spontaneous volunteering that takes place in the aftermath of a disaster, we conducted qualitative interviews in three English locations where groups of spontaneous volunteers emerged following major floods. We analysed our qualitative data using thematic analysis.

Our findings theorise the drivers of SVG sustainability and present these in four themes: (1) assessment of ongoing needs; (2) organisation of resources to address that need; (3) leadership and followership creating a weight of operational capability and (4) influence of political will. Through exploring these drivers, we uncover key factors to developing a sustainable SVG system including trusted leadership and social capital.

We show how the four drivers interact to support the continuity of SVGs and sustain their operations. This has implications for how leaders of SVGs create a volunteering environment that encourages ongoing involvement and has implications for officials to view SVGs as a support rather than a risk.

The novelty of our paper is in rejecting the argument of the temporal limit of SVGs to the response phase by theorising the drivers that make their operations sustainable for recovery and resilience building to mitigate the next disaster. This includes our examination of the interplay between those drivers.

The study aims to understand what learning is evidenced regarding knowledge about the teaching of mathematics by five primary teachers when they reflect on research lessons. To do so, we used situations from the formal and informal reflection sessions that took place after teaching four research lessons.

It is a qualitative and interpretative research. Data collection was done by participant observation with elaboration of a research journal, audio recording of sessions and a whole-group interview. Data analysis was made by content analysis based on the conceptual framework.

The study shows the relevance of carrying out successive research lessons, followed by moments of formal and informal reflection, leading to improvements in relation to the way the task is proposed to the pupils, the representations used and the monitoring and questioning carried out by the teacher in the various phases of the lesson.

In lesson study, very often, only one research lesson is held. This case shows the potential of successive research lessons, each of which is followed by moments of reflection, in promoting the development of teachers’ didactic knowledge, namely regarding teaching practice, providing a more in-depth look at the way pupils work on mathematical tasks and the role of the teacher in promoting learning. Reteaching proved to be a valuable strategy to support teachers’ reflections in order to improve the leading of pupils’ work.

Botswana imposed a 30% ad valorem tobacco tax in 2014 to reduce tobacco use. The purpose of the paper is to assess the effectiveness of the tax in curtailing tobacco consumption.

An autoregressive distributed lag and equilibrium correction (ARDL-EC) framework is applied on data for the period 1975–2020 to estimate a dynamic tobacco demand model. The estimated price elasticity is then used to quantify the effects of the tax on tobacco consumption.

A 10% rise in the tobacco price results in a 6.6% decrease in tobacco consumption, suggesting an inelastic response. A 10% rise in income yields a 12% increase in tobacco consumption, reflecting that the rapid economic growth Botswana experienced post-independence yielded increased tobacco use. Tobacco consumption declined by 3.6% per year, possibly capturing the effects of increasing awareness of the adverse effects of tobacco use over time. The 30% tobacco tax yielded a 20% reduction in tobacco consumption, suggesting moderate effectiveness in curtailing consumption. The tax reduced annual tobacco consumption by 100 grams per capita or 151 metric tons nationally.

Future research could explore the effects of non-price anti-tobacco measures and socioeconomic and demographic factors on tobacco use to provide further insights for guiding the development of targeted anti-smoking interventions.

Tobacco demand elasticities vary across countries and analytical methods. Therefore, country-specific empirical evidence is essential for policymaking. An existing study in Botswana employed cross-sectional analysis, which does not capture the addictive effects of tobacco. The ARDL-EC framework is employed to close this gap. Simulated effects of the tax are useful for policy reform in Botswana.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-01-2024-0097