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This study aims to focuses on the paradox of the great resignation (GR), great layoff (GL) and moonlighting (ML) phenomena triggered by the unprecedented complexity, extreme emotional distress and uncertainty caused by the pandemic to explore ways for mitigating their impact on the intention to stay (ITS).

A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the impact of the paradoxical GR, layoffs and ML on the ITS by the text analysis of a pool of 111 published articles across 57 journals between 2012 and 2024 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses approach. The factors impacting the ITS, and the underlying interlinkages of the paradoxical GR, GL and ML phenomena were subsequently inductively deduced using Nvivo software.

The new theoretical framework explains the evolving dynamics of the ITS and prompts toward a concurrent approach of viewing the paradoxical GR, layoffs and ML through a “common lens” revealing novel insights.

Employees have reprioritized work-life balance, mental health, multiple jobs for varied income streams, flexible work schedules and job satisfaction. Human resource managers should prioritize these aspects and adapt to the evolving workforce dynamics to create a resilient, employee-centric organizational environment where employees choose to stay.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to concurrently examine the current paradox of the GR, layoffs and ML for enhancing the ITS, necessitating a re-evaluation of traditional perceptions of unemployment and job seeking.

This study aims to introduce a comprehensive internal framework designed to ensure the integrity of courses, programs, and assessments within the science faculty of a university.

This study utilized a case study methodology, using semi-structured interviews, document analysis and observations. Data from structured departmental and faculty meetings, student consultations, benchmarking reports and feedback loops informed the development and evaluation of the framework.

The framework’s implementation has resulted in student satisfaction exceeding 90%, reflecting positive feedback on the quality, diversity and fairness of assessments and teaching practices. Lecturer satisfaction exceeds 75%, driven by autonomy, professional development and adoption of reflective teaching strategies. Errors in assessments have decreased by 95%, highlighting the effectiveness of the standardized checklist and rigorous review processes. The faculty, along with its Examination Quality Assurance Committee, fosters a culture of shared governance for maintaining academic integrity and improving assessments. Program alignment with international standards has facilitated global partnerships. In addition, the framework reduces logistical inefficiencies and reliance on external examiners.

This study introduces an innovative internally structured framework as a viable alternative to the external examiner system, offering a replicable model for broader adoption.

This study explores how companies’ operations and supply networks can induce social impacts such as enhancing diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI). The study focuses on social enterprises’ supply networks and examines the effects of supply network characteristics on the creation and resolution of social–commercial objectives tension.

A supply network that is divided into five embedded cases, where each case is the supply network of a social enterprise, was studied. Forty-eight interviews at social enterprises, corporate customers, distributors, suppliers, non-governmental organizations and charities were conducted.

The study highlights how social enterprises use their supply networks to help disadvantaged people gain employment, truly balance DEI and efficiency objectives and manage paradoxical tensions. The results reveal three types of social purpose supply networks, dichotomized, paired and blended, that hybrid and for-profit organizations can adopt to jointly pursue multiple, potentially competing, objectives and resolve the paradoxical tensions in their supply networks. The creation and resolution of tension are also clarified by considering dyadic, triadic and tetradic tie structures.

The study contributes to the literature by extending the analysis of paradoxical tension between commercial and social welfare objectives such as DEI to the supply network level and revealing three social purpose supply network structures that depict social enterprises’ different ways to resolve paradoxical tensions. The study contributes to social network theory by describing the dynamic interaction between strong and weak ties in multi-tie structures.

This study aims to explore the collective influence of several factors, namely, thermal radiation, Brownian motion, magnetic field and variable viscosity parameter, on the boundary layer flow, heat and mass transfer of an electrically steering nanofluid over a radially stretching exterior subjected to convective heating. In addition, the impacts of thermal and solutal buoyancy forces and activation energy are taken into account. The enlarging velocity is assumed to vary linearly with radial distance.

Through the similarity transformation technique, the governing highly nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are then numerically solved using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method with a shooting technique.

Graphical depictions are provided to analyze the velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration fields under the influence of various pertinent parameters. Furthermore, local skin friction, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are quantitatively presented and discussed. A comparison with previous results demonstrates good agreement.

This study uniquely integrates multiple factors influencing boundary layer flow in electrically conducting nanofluids, offering a nuanced understanding of heat and mass transfer over radially stretching surfaces. By using advanced numerical methods, it provides valuable insights and quantitative data that can inform practical applications in engineering and materials science.

This paper examines how U.S. consumer intentions to adopt hemp vary across product types using the theory of planned behavior (TPB).

Data were collected via an online survey of U.S. residents in 2022 (n = 1,948). Two-step structural equation modeling is used to examine how TPB constructs and background factors influence intent to use five different hemp-based products: cannabidiol (CBD), clothing, food, personal care products, and pet products. Data are analyzed using R.

Positive attitudes towards all categories of hemp-based products increase the probability of adoption, while subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have limited and varied significant influence across product models. Age has a consistent significant and negative influence on adoption.

Findings highlight consumer segmentation and marketing opportunities, inform hemp stakeholder decision-making, and provide directions for future research. Given the absence of explanatory power of SN and PBC on most product models and the diversity of products and nuanced U.S. hemp policy, future research could investigate expanded iterations of TPB. Using revealed behavior could also highlight potential intention-behavior gaps and offer more robust insights for hemp stakeholders.

Findings contribute to a limited body of information on markets and consumer demand for hemp in the U.S.

Measuring and understanding the dynamics of democracy as well as democratic attitudes of people have become a big challenge for every democratic state. The study proposes the investigation of middle-class peoples’ attitudes towards democracy in Pakistan.

The study employs a deductive approach based on cross-sectional data from Pakistan’s middle-class people. The researchers use a survey questionnaire through a convenience sampling technique. Finally, the study utilizes 1854 samples to conclude the findings.

The evidence confirms that trust in public institutions and political engagement positively and significantly impact peoples’ democratic attitudes. In addition, the investigation witnessed the preference for democracy also supports understanding middle-class peoples’ democratic attitudes.

The study would provide an endorsement for politicians of Pakistan to perceive the inclination of middle-class people towards democracy. The study would guide the researchers and policymakers and intellectualize the middle-class peoples’ opinions and attitudes. Moreover the study would support reflecting the public confidence in decision making and ability to deliver. Finally the study findings would contribute to the literature of political science and democracy to understand democratic attitudes mainly focusing on middle-class populations.

This study empirically confirms the Pakistani middle-class peoples’ attitudes towards democracy.

This paper aims to consider whether developing countries can create viable and sustainable tourism sectors.

To provide a focus and context to answer the question, the introduction to the subject reviews some of the earlier publication relating to tourism in the developing countries beginning from 1950 and notes how many of these publications foresaw the benefits of using tourism as a supportive activity for general development but also indicated many of the challenges and disadvantages the countries faced in so doing.

Looking to 2050, the paper makes two assumptions. First, the demand for international tourism will continue. Second, any future disruption of demand caused by wars, terrorism, epidemics or economic difficulties will be short-term and not as universally disruptive to international travel demand as was caused by Covid-19. The paper concludes that developing countries can create viable tourism sectors but that sustainability is unlikely in the absence of careful and sensitive management of the tourism sector.

Tourism development options must be evaluated within the potential and capacities of the individual country. There is no single development model. An important initiative is to help identify and develop local talent for the tourism sector, particularly related to planning, policy and implementation requirements. Government and the private sector should be encouraged to cooperate in development initiatives.

This paper provides an “insider view” of the realities of pursuing sustainable tourism development options and the related challenges and opportunities and emphasises the role of government in this process.

本文的目的是考虑发展中国家是否能够创造可行和可持续的旅游业。

为了提供一个焦点和背景来回答这个问题, 本文的引言回顾了从1950年开始的一些关于发展中国家旅游业的早期文献, 并指出其中有多少文献预见到了旅游业作为支持总体发展活动的优势, 但也指出了各国在这样做时面临的许多挑战和劣势。

展望2050 年, 本文做出了两个假设。首先, 对国际旅游业的需求将继续, 其次, 战争、恐怖主义、流行病和经济困难对未来需求的任何破坏都将是短期的, 不会像新冠肺炎对国际旅游需求造成的普遍破坏。文章的结论是, 发展中国家可以创建可行的旅游部门, 但如果不对旅游部门进行谨慎和敏感的管理, 可持续性就不太可能实现。

本文对追求可持续旅游发展选择的现实以及相关的挑战和机遇提供了“内部视角”, 并强调了政府在这一过程中的作用。

旅游业发展方案必须在单个国家的潜力和能力范围内进行评估。没有单一的发展模式。一项重要举措是帮助确定和培养旅游业的当地人才, 特别是与规划、政策和实施要求相关的人才。应鼓励政府和私营部门在发展倡议方面进行合作。

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar si los países en desarrollo pueden crear sectores turísticos que sean viables y sostenibles.

Con el fin de aportar un enfoque y contextualización para responder la cuestión, en la introducción al tema se examinan publicaciones previas sobre el turismo en los países en desarrollo a partir de 1950 y se apunta cómo gran parte de estas publicaciones preveían los beneficios de utilizar el turismo como actividad de apoyo para el desarrollo general, pero también indicaban retos y desventajas a los que se enfrentaban los países.

De cara a 2050, el artículo parte de dos supuestos. En primer lugar, la demanda de turismo internacional continuará. En segundo lugar, cualquier futura interrupción de la demanda causada por guerras, terrorismo, epidemias o dificultades económicas será de corta duración y no afectará de forma tan generalizada a la demanda de viajes internacionales como lo hizo el Covid-19. El artículo concluye que los países en desarrollo pueden crear sectores turísticos viables, pero que la sostenibilidad es improbable si no se lleva a cabo una gestión cuidadosa y responsable del sector turístico.

Este artículo ofrece una «visión interna» de las distintas opciones de desarrollo del turismo sostenible, así como de los retos y oportunidades que conlleva, y hace hincapié en el papel gubernamental en este proceso.

Las opciones de desarrollo turístico deben evaluarse dentro del potencial y las capacidades de cada país. No existe un único modelo de desarrollo. Una iniciativa importante es contribuir a identificar y desarrollar el talento local para el sector turístico, especialmente en lo referente a los requisitos de planificación, política y ejecución. Se debería instar al gobierno y al sector privado a cooperar en las iniciativas de desarrollo.

Numerous attempts at installing Six Sigma (SS) have faced challenges and fallen short of the desired success. Thus, it becomes vital to identify the critical factors and characteristics that play a pivotal role in achieving successful adoption. Research has highlighted that a considerable number of corporate Six Sigma initiatives, around 60%, fail primarily due to the improper incorporation of essential elements and flawed assumptions.

To validate the influence of CSFs on Six Sigma accomplishment, the study employed a research design combining exploratory and mixed-methods approaches. The analysis focused on 260 completed questionnaires, and statistical methods including SEM, EFA, and CFA were utilized for data analysis.

The study acknowledged four essential components of CSFs that are imperative for sustaining the success of Six Sigma (SS): (1) Competence of Belt System employees; (2) Project management skills; (3) Organizational economic capability; and (4) Leadership commitment and engagement. These factors were identified as significant contributors to the maintenance of Six Sigma’s success.

The practical implications of this research imply that institutions, practitioners, and researchers can utilize the four identified factors to foster the sustainable deployment of SS initiatives. By incorporating these factors, organizations can enhance the effectiveness and longevity of their Six Sigma practices.

The investigation’s originality lies in its contribution to assessing critical success factors in Six Sigma deployment within the European automobile industry, utilizing a mixed-methods research design supplemented by descriptive statistics.

This study aims to investigate the implications for financial innovation and product development of differences between schools of jurisprudence (fiqh) pertaining across regional Muslim markets, and the consequences for global financial institutions.

The methodology is qualitative, drawing upon several sources. Firstly, differences in interpretation regarding the economic and moral responsibilities of financial institutions in Islamic and secular contexts. Secondly, contrasting tenets of schools of Islamic jurisprudence regarding the permissibility of products traded intra Muslim markets. Thirdly, characteristics of complex financial instruments traded in global secular markets prior to the credit crisis of 2007–2008.

Differences between Islamic and global secular interpretations regarding responsibilities of financial institutions militate against integrated markets across which products can be seamlessly traded. Global financial institutions should recognise that different Islamic schools of jurisprudence prioritise either legal form or substance of financial products, but not both simultaneously. This should be considered when designing new products for regional Muslim markets.

Global financial institutions which focus upon the legal (micro) form of new Islamic products should relate in investor prospectuses and marketing materials the extent to which these accommodate Islamic jurisprudence’s equal (macro) concern for public interest or maslahah. This may comprise the reallocation of risk from those unable to bear it to those willing to assume it for a price, reinforcing rather than compromising economic stability.

This study evaluates implications for product development and marketing for global financial institutions active in regional Muslim markets across which different Islamic schools of jurisprudence apply.