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This study compares the motivation, perceived crowding and satisfaction differences among local climbers in three Asian countries. The study population consists of mountain climbers from Taiwan's Yushan, Japan's Mount Fuji and Malaysia's Mount Kinabalu. The study involves 3,112 respondents from Mount Fuji, 192 from Mount Kinabalu and 391 from Yushan. The results from the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) show significant differences among climbers on the three mountains concerning climbers' motivation, perceived crowding and satisfaction. Social factors are the most significant motivators, with climbers on Mount Kinabalu, representing the most salient motivation for mountain tourism. For perceived crowding, climbers on Mount Fuji perceive congestion on the trails, mountaintops, restrooms and mountain huts and regard those services as unacceptable. Concerning satisfaction, services provided by mountain huts are the most significant, with the highest satisfaction recorded at Yushan's mountain huts. The study findings may be used as a reference for relevant tourism stakeholders and guide future research directions.

Food taste is essential for customer satisfaction and loyalty with food products and services. This study examines how ethnic cues influence taste perceptions in the growing traditional food sector.

Two experiments were conducted among students, faculty and staff members of two Taiwanese universities. The first experiment manipulated congruence of three ethnic cues (chef, wait staff and atmosphere) in an ethnic food setting, the second manipulated local identity salience and cue congruence for chefs in a local traditional food setting.

Ethnic congruities between food and chefs, wait staff and atmospherics increase perceived taste of traditional dishes, mediated by perceptions of authenticity and enhanced by consumer cosmopolitanism. In local traditional food settings, the indirect effect of ethnic congruence was found only when subjects perceived strong local identity. Cosmopolitanism played a negative role in the local traditional food setting.

The findings of this research provide insights into the potential taste management for both ethnic and local traditional food products and services and aid in the development of marketing strategies based on ethnic cues.

This research extends understanding of accessibility-diagnosticity theory to food judgments, empirically testing the implicit theory that ethnic food presented with ethnically congruent cues tastes better. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation distinguishing the different effects of ethnic cues on actual perceived taste for unfamiliar ethnic food and familiar local traditional food.

Over recent years, the multi-stakeholder role in sustainable ecotourism within Asia has emerged as a crucial narrative for sustainable ecotourism management across countries on the continent. This trend is perhaps due to the fact that ecotourism is one of the most rapidly growing sectors within the tourism industry. However, to date, no reviews have provided a comprehensive analysis related to the role of multi-stakeholders in the achievement of ecotourism sustainability, particularly in the Asian context. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap by examining the current knowledge regarding multi-stakeholder involvement in sustainable ecotourism within Asia.

A systematic review procedure was followed. 320 articles were finalized, from which 34 related pieces of research were selected from the Scopus and Web of Science databases.

Three themes emerged from this paper. Recommendations were highlighted to enhance sustainable ecotourism. The study concluded that a more enabling research environment should be provided to improve discourse and encourage policy interventions.

No previous studies have explored the multi-stakeholder's role in achieving Asian sustainable ecotourism, indicating a critical gap to be fulfilled. This paper uniquely contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive review of the roles and challenges of multiple stakeholders in sustainable ecotourism across Asia and proposing innovative policy solutions tailored to the region's unique socio-economic and cultural context. Moreover, it puts forward potential solutions to bolster sustainable ecotourism within Asia, benefiting both stakeholders and the destination.