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This study investigates the motivations for and compensation structure changes behind $1 CEO salary decisions.

Using a hand-collected sample, we relied on an event study framework and regression analysis to decipher the informational content of $1 CEO salary announcements.

The results show that the market reacts positively to $1 CEO salary announcements that indicate aligning the interests of CEOs and shareholders.

A lot of academic and professional attention has been given to the components of executive compensation packages as tools for incentivizing managers. Our findings will help executive board members tasked with determining CEO compensation packages.

This study adds to the literature on CEO compensation by deciphering the market reaction to $1 salary decision announcements. Our study contributes to the literature on executive compensation by providing evidence consistent with efficient contracting.

The US central government enactment of the 1866 Post Roads Act preempted state and municipal telegraph franchise entry barriers. Like present-day telecommunication companies, local franchise regulations were an entry barrier to US telegraph companies. These pre-1866 state and municipal telegraph laws were barriers of both entry and trade between states. Barriers that would of reduced the benefits of a common market if the barriers had not been preempted by the 1866 Post Roads Act. I document what laws were preempted by the 1866 Post Roads Act, explain how these laws increased entry barriers, provide evidence that preemption was enforced, and use two counterfactuals to calculate rough estimates of the decrease in entry costs from enforcement of the act.

Ultra-processed food products are omnipresent in our homes and in grocery stores, and everybody consumes these food products once in a while. In this context, the present study aims to analyse what factors influence the consumption behaviour of ultra-processed food products and, more precisely, what factors drive consumer satisfaction and purchase intention of these food products in one specific market – Spain-.

A model of consumer behaviour of ultra-processed food products is proposed and analysed through structural equation modelling on a sample of 608 consumers.

Findings indicate that the effortlessness of ultra-processed food products, as well as their affordability, are the factors that exert the higher influence on consumer satisfaction and purchase intention of ultra-processed food products. On the other hand, the product quality and the ability to save time show a negative influence on both consumer satisfaction and intention to purchase. Contrary to the initial expectations, product convenience and the hedonistic nature of ultra-processed food products do not influence consumer behaviour.

Food policymakers and public health interventions may consider possible actions to reduce the consumption of ultra-processed food products, the reduction of their affordability through taxation or the compulsory inclusion of nutritional warnings in the front of the package to confront marketing actions developed by food companies.

This study examines the factors that drive the purchase and consumption of ultra-processed food products in one European mature market: Spain.

There appears to be a linear (although by no means perfect) relationship between the amount of time children spend with adults in sport settings and the harms experienced by so many young athletes. Children who are professional or national team athletes, and those in the pipeline towards professional and high performance sport, are likely to spend the greatest amounts of time with adults in those sport settings.

This chapter outlines how sport participation has become so work-like for so many children who demonstrate talent in a sport. This can reach a point where some young athletes under the age of 18, or even under the age of 16, spend more time with coaches and training for sport than they spend in school or with their parents. Critiques of the system of early talent identification/early specialisation/intensive training and competition for children are followed by a summary of the types of harms experienced by children in that system.

The specificity of sport and the autonomy of sport organisations protects those organisations from responsibility or blame for the harms experienced by children. This chapter concludes with a call to exempt children from the autonomy of sport organisations and to establish recognition of children as a protected class in sports.

The purpose of this paper is to report a study of public accountability within the political and economic structures that characterise Pacific nations. The authors examine audit quality with respect to Pacific Island nations’ governmental reporting to investigate ways to improve accountability in a region that is economically and environmentally challenged.

The authors examine whether audit quality in Pacific Island nations is associated with the practical arrangements of Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs), taking into account external factors. The “practical arrangements” include the independence of a SAI (regarding its staffing and funding) and also the requirement for it to report to the Executive. The financial setting in each jurisdiction has been seen to impact the quality of financial reporting and auditing. The authors examine mediating factors such as income, political stability and education that may also impact audit quality. This study uses publicly available databases as well as jurisdictional annual reports and the associated audit opinions and management letters (where available). Jurisdictional reports on public financial management were also analysed.

The authors find that public sector audit quality is low in many Pacific countries, concluding that public accountability is impaired. While the authors recommend changes to the practical arrangements that can improve audit quality, the mediating factors also impact audit quality. They argue that a renewed focus on financial capability could enhance public accountability in these nations, but there are limiting factors that are difficult to overcome.

There are problems in providing accountability for public sector activities in Pacific nations. The authors suggest that improvements to the appointment and funding of SAIs to enhance their independence will help to reduce these issues.

The authors present a framework for analysing SAIs’ practical arrangements and audit quality that includes variables that may mediate the effects of these practical arrangements. They apply the model to 20 Pacific jurisdictions, showing that the practical arrangements of a SAI directly impact audit quality. Nevertheless, there are instances where audit quality is poor despite good practical arrangements, implying that mediating factors also play a substantial role in determining audit quality of a SAI.

In light of the expanding prominence of work-integrated learning (WIL), the pedagogical model that integrates work experiences into an academic curriculum, this paper presents a systematic review that uncovers little-explored students’ reflections of quality (RoQ).

Drawing on the concept of wayfinding rocks and Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological systems theory, the “students’ RoQ (pronounced [ROK]) WIL model” offers guidance for future research, policy development and educational interventions aimed at optimizing students' experiences of WIL.

This paper highlights RoQ WIL through student voice. The outcomes offer a model, contributing insights for institutions, employers and students involved in WIL experiences.

While the study addresses specific limitations such as the use of specific search terms and potential biases, future research is needed to explore cultural capital’s influence on WIL quality. A focus on broadening the scope of data collection to include a more comprehensive range of student perspectives is needed.

The paper suggests practical implications for institutions, employers and educators in designing WIL programs that prioritize student perspectives, ultimately enhancing the quality of WIL experiences.

By focusing on students' RoQ in WIL, this paper fills a significant gap in the literature and provides a foundation for future research and practice in optimizing WIL engagement and outcomes.

This article provides a narrative review of recent research on entrepreneurship and self-employment among immigrant women in Canada. The aim was to identify the state-of-the-art, current trends and findings in existing literature to suggest future research avenues.

Focusing on the Canadian context, a thorough search was conducted across four academic databases (EBSCO, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Cairn) for both peer-reviewed articles and grey literature. Fourteen papers and one report, published between 2010 and 2024, were selected and analyzed using a narrative approach.

The review identified the primary challenges faced by immigrant women entrepreneurs and self-employed workers in Canada according to recent research. Most of the existing literature comprises qualitative studies utilizing in-depth interviews, primarily focusing on specific ethnic groups. Research aimed at developing coordinated policy for support services constitutes a minority of the studies and are mostly situated in Quebec, highlighting a significant research gap for future investigation.

This paper consolidates the existing theoretical and empirical approaches to female immigrant entrepreneurship research within the Canadian context. The review sets the stage to suggest new avenues for further research, particularly to inform intersectoral planning and action to support immigrant women in entrepreneurial pursuits from an intersectionality standpoint.

This study focuses on the complex dynamics of food supply chain safety, safety governance and security in Pakistan’s food industry. By delving into the connections between hygiene practices, safety governance, customer perceptions, supplier attitudes and food safety outcomes, this study aims to shed light on the elements that shape food safety governance in the region.

An analysis was conducted using self-administered questionnaires, with data collected from 352 individuals recruited from different departments within Pakistan’s food supply chain businesses. Using STATA software, we calculated important variables’ direct and indirect effects on the scales taken from previous studies by applying structural equation modeling (SEM) and path analysis.

The analysis found significant relationships between safety governance, hygiene practices, consumer perceptions, supplier attitudes and food safety outcomes. Violations of hygiene standards considerably impacted food safety and security; the relationship between these violations and food safety results was mediated by consumer psychological capital. Furthermore, the correlation between cleanliness procedures and food safety results was observed to be moderated by supplier attitudes.

Even though the study has dramatically improved our understanding of food safety governance, we must acknowledge its limitations and consider future research. Researchers may expand knowledge in this critical area and promote evidence-based policies and practices to improve food safety and security by addressing these constraints and exploring new directions. Cooperation across disciplines and sectors can create a more robust, reliable and sustainable food system. This approach will protect public health and improve communities worldwide.

The results have practical implications, as analysis found significant relationships between safety governance, hygiene practices, consumer perceptions, supplier attitudes and food safety outcomes. Violations of hygiene standards considerably impacted food safety and security; the relationship between these violations and food safety results was mediated by consumer psychological capital. Furthermore, the correlation between cleanliness procedures and food safety results was observed to be moderated by supplier attitudes.

For policymakers, regulatory agencies, industry stakeholders and consumers, the findings emphasize the importance of strict hygiene standards, consumer trust and engagement and supply chain partner collaboration to ensure food system safety and security.

This study illuminates the intricate interactions that shape food safety governance in Pakistan’s food supply chain business. For policymakers, regulatory agencies, industry stakeholders and consumers, the findings emphasize the importance of strict hygiene standards, consumer trust and engagement and supply chain partner collaboration to ensure food system safety and security.