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This paper aims to identify and discuss factors affecting students’ performance in web-based learning (WBL) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study uses a quantitative method to analyze data collected using an online structured questionnaire. Responses were gathered from undergraduate students (n = 270) studying engineering education at a university in Indonesia. A measurement analysis is used to validate the instruments, and structural equation modeling is used to examine the associations among constructs.

Attitude, anxiety and motivation affected students’ performance in WBL. Motivation played an essential role in influencing WBL. The results also showed equal opportunities between men and women in WBL.

This research may provide a foundation for future research designing WBL in higher education. This study provides valuable insights in policy formulation and an effective web-based e-learning design by considering students’ personal characteristics potentially affecting WBL performance.

This study identifies factors influencing students’ performance in WBL. Furthermore, it added students’ genders to explore the moderating effect on the model.

This paper aims to investigate the effect of learning styles on HyFlex learning towards equity of learning in higher education.

A quantitative approach was used, with data collection through a structured online questionnaire. The study participants were undergraduate students (n = 451) studying at various public and private universities in Indonesia. Measurement analysis is used to test the validity of the instrument used. Analysis of structural equations is used to test the relationships between the constructs under study.

Survey instruments have satisfactory internal validity and consistency. The learning style of students in higher education positively influences the use of HyFlex’s three learning modalities. All three modalities of HyFlex learning positively affect learning equity, especially the asynchronous online modality. However, the synchronous online effect is insignificant. Active/reflective learning styles only affect face-to-face mode but do not significantly affect the two online modalities, synchronous and asynchronous. Some of the learning style dimensions have an indirect effect on equity through three HyFlex learning modalities. Face-to-face and online asynchronous mediate well the indirect relationship between learning style and equity. The impact of gender and higher education status was not shown to strengthen the relationship between learning styles, HyFlex learning modalities and equity.

This study will provide valuable understanding for lecturers, educators and developers to adapt and develop HyFlex learning strategies based on the positive dimensions of the Felder–Silverman learning style that can support equitable and inclusive learning. The study forms a foundation for researchers to investigate more constructs that could improve HyFlex learning in future studies.

This research is a pioneer in using learning styles to investigate trends in using three HyFlex learning modalities, particularly emphasising modalities that can provide equitable learning.

The purpose of this study was to discuss the history and political development of vocational education in Indonesia began before independence until independence era.

Analysis of related documents and literature was used to explore the policies and politics of vocational education in Indonesia. Some documents traced were in the form of laws and regulations and previous writings related to the politics and policies of vocational education in Indonesia.

The politics of vocational education at this time reinforces identity politics in the form of the language of instruction in the politics of vocational education. In addition, the school curriculum at this time tried to accommodate the interests of the colonizers. Change slowly occurred when Indonesia declared independence, and vocational education slowly underwent changes and development. Apart from still strengthening its identity in the form of language, culture and social structure, Indonesian vocational education has also been oriented toward the development of the country.

Although the author has identified Indonesia's vocational education policies and politics, several things still require further investigation, especially the impact of culture in politics and vocational education policies including the contribution of community conditions.

The findings of this paper can potentially raise interest in the politics of vocational education because of the many interest groups involved.

The findings can contribute in the conversion of interests between interest groups to allocated educational resources, both human resources and budgetary resources.

This paper not only describes aspects of Indonesian history and identity in vocational education and the politics of vocational education which were conducted previous studies but also provides information on strategies for converting interests between groups in the interests of vocational education.