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This review aims to focus on recent reported research work on the construction and function of different electrochemical DNA biosensors. It also describes different sensing materials, chemistries of immobilization probes, conditions of hybridization and principles of transducing and amplification strategies.

The human disease-related mutated genes or DNA sequence detection at low cost can be verified by the electrochemical-based biosensor. A range of different chemistries is used by the DNA-based electrochemical biosensors, out of which the interactions of nanoscale material with recognition layer and a solid electrode surface are most interesting. A diversity of advancements has been made in the field of electrochemical detection.

Some important aspects are also highlighted in this review, which can contribute in the creation of successful biosensing devices in the future.

This paper provides an updated review of construction and sensing technologies in the field of biosensing.

The purpose of this report is to outline selected presentations of the national seminar based on the theme “open access movement – initiatives, promotion and impact” organized by department of Library and Information Science, University of Kashmir held during 23‐25 October 2008 at Srinagar and narrates scenic beauty of Kashmir.

Conference report.

Many case studies and presentations were made about applications of OA software and the OA publishing model to overcome barriers and promote scholarly communication with special reference to Asia. These are included in this report.

Based on discussion during the seminar and personal interaction the author had with the participants, this report is a useful summary of open access related activities which is a topic of interest to managers of organizations, teachers and educators, librarians, open access protagonists and members of information provider communities. Some new ideas/study reports that have not been placed the traditional literature are introduced in the discussion.