Search results

The Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for Use with Adults with Learning Disabilities/Mental Retardation (DC‐LD) was introduced in 2003 in an attempt to improve accuracy of diagnosis in the intellectual disability population. The paper aims to apply this system to a sample of a population with intellectual disability to further investigate its usefulness in the clinical setting.

A sample of 50 patients within an intellectual disability service was identified. Each individual was interviewed by a registrar in psychiatry of intellectual disability in the presence of their key worker or a carer that knew the individual well. Chart notes were extensively reviewed for clearly documented history of psychiatric symptoms and behavioural difficulties. The information gathered was applied as per the DC‐LD criteria to identify appropriate diagnoses. Previously documented diagnoses were also recorded for comparison purposes.

There was considerable discrepancy between the rates of psychiatric diagnoses after application of DC‐LD and rates of previously documented diagnoses within the sample. Use of DC‐LD led to the reclassification of many previously documented diagnoses, mainly as behavioural disorders. There were also discrepancies between rates of diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorders and Alzheimer's disease before and after use of DC‐LD.

This study adds to the evidence regarding the usefulness of DC‐LD in the intellectual disability population and also highlights the shortcomings of non‐systematic methods of diagnosis. It was agreed that DC‐LD criteria be applied to all service users in this population in the future.

The need for analysing the trim conditions of a helicopter having a non‐flapping (purely feathering) rotor arose out of the discussion in Part III of the ‘equivalence of flapping and feathering’. The analysis will, however, serve a far more useful purpose, for not only shall we go considerably beyond Squire's two‐dimensional approximate analysis of Ref, (3) by producing an exact three‐dimensional solution of the problem, but we shall also use it in such a way as to enable us to assess the accuracy of our trim solution of the helicopter having a flapping‐cum‐feathering rotor. The word ‘exact’ is here used in the sense of the dynamics of the problem only, and we adopt the same simplifications regarding the aero‐dynamic forces as have been discussed at length in Part II in the section dealing with the incidence and force on a blade element. In particular, we shall assume a constant downwash distribution w, over the rotor disk, ignore the effects of tip losses and blade bending, and also disregard any aerodynamic influences associated with blade stalling, rapid incidence changes and wake effects. Apart from these assumptions there will be no approximations whatsoever, and as these aerodynamic assumptions are common also to our analysis of the feathering‐cum‐flapping rotor, we shall be in position to compare the results of this exact analysis with the results for the feathering‐cum‐flapping rotor.

Corrosion of steel plates of hulls and superstructures and in the tanks of oil tankers is one of the major problems facing the shipping industry. Epoxy resin‐based coatings are increasingly being used to counter corrosion in shipping, two recent examples being the hull coatings of the S.S. Oriana and the S.S. Canberra. The special requirements of the automobile industry for improved primers can also be met with the new formulations that are now possible. This article reviews some of the results obtained from the new formulations based on Epikote resins.

Both the academic literature and practitioners have long noted the need for an equity investment mechanism for worker-controlled firms that alleviates investor anxieties without undermining internal workplace democracy. The purpose of this paper is to outline one such possible mechanism.

The proposal locks together the interests of workers and external investors, via non-voting shares with dividends set by a pre-agreed value-added sharing formula. Each worker is paid a base wage, with the average across the firm being a pre-defined multiple of the national minimum wage. Any additional surplus is split into a number of equal “slices”, with each share receiving one slice as its dividend, and the average worker receiving a pre-agreed number of slices as a bonus.

Workers have an incentive to maximise their own incomes, and in so doing, will also automatically maximise the dividends received by investors, obviating the need for the shares to have normal voting rights. Working on this principle of aligned interests, the authors also discuss reinvestment, worker ownership of non-voting shares and possibilities for a secondary share market. The authors show how this proposal will be a significant step in aligning the interests of investors with owner-workers in a democratic, negotiated way that shares both risk and returns, thus making worker-controlled firms more attractive to equity investment.

In light of the recognised problem of underinvestment in worker-controlled firms and the risk of their degeneration, this paper will interest both academics and practitioners in employee ownership, co-operatives and various forms of workplace democracy.

The purpose of this paper is to examine some influential accounts of the basis for Indigenous rights, consider their strengths and weaknesses, and ascertain whether and in what degree they support effective self-government and self-determination for Indigenous people.

The paper begins with a brief discussion of the emergence of specifically Indigenous rights, the significance of self-determination as a means of improving the economic and social conditions of communities, and the problem such rights pose for late 20th versions of egalitarian liberalism. It then examines the liberal culturalist argument for minority rights developed by Will Kymlicka, before turning to James Tully’s elaboration of the historical approach to the justification of Indigenous rights that draws on the tradition of treaty relations in North American colonialism. Finally, it outlines a third approach based on the political liberalism of John Rawls.

The conditions of legitimate government set out in Rawls’ political liberalism are a better way to provide normative foundations for Indigenous rights in contemporary postcolonial democracies.

The discussion of Indigenous rights is confined to those countries established by colonization with largely British political institutions and populations. The arguments for Indigenous rights are confined to those advanced within the liberal tradition of political thought.

Some of the criticisms of the liberal culturalist argument and of Tully’s approach are original. The case for Indigenous rights based in the legitimacy requirements of political liberalism is original and based on conceptual work by the author.

This paper is a proposal to provide for the poor – those earning insufficient incomes to satisfy their needs and the unemployed – by enabling them to acquire dividend-paying (and voting) shares in the companies that produce the goods and services consumed in society. It will be accomplished by: (1) establishing a mortgage loan at birth for every newborn child; (2) the loans will be taken out by each of the major producing companies (plus start-ups) in the names of the children as firms do their annual planning; (3) the amount of the loan will be increased annually when the companies plan for succeeding years; (4) a portfolio of new assets – stocks and bonds – in the companies will be purchased with the funds from the mortgage loan; (5) the loan will be repaid over a period of years from the dividends paid by the companies. Once redeemed, the assets, and their future earnings, will belong to the person in whose name the mortgage loan was established. Should the program include all newborns, rich and poor in the name of fairness, when today's cohort reaches maturity, every member of society will be a shareholder in a variety of wealth producing companies that pay regular dividends. The proposal will not require funds from the government and no additional taxes will have to be raised.

OUR readers do not need the reminder that 1952 is the 75th year of Library Association history. Some opportunity may be found at the Bournemouth Conference to celebrate this fact, in however modest a manner. The American Library Association, older by a year, celebrated its anniversary at Philadelphia last October, on which occasion Mr. F. G. B. Hutchings represented this country and spoke at a luncheon meeting to three hundred of the guests with acceptance. That celebration, however, appears to us to have been most significant for the comment on the Carnegie library gifts which was made by Mr. Ralph Munn, librarian of Pittsburgh Carnegie Library, in some ways the most spectacular one founded by the great Scot. Munn said:—

Purpose: The main purpose of the study is to understand the factors that facilitate correction behavior among individuals. In this study the authors examine the impact of self-perceived media literacy (SPML) and reflection on participants’ correction behavior.

Methods: Data for the study were collected from Amazon's MTurk using an online survey. Data were collected after a certificate of exemption was received by the Institutional Review Board in a research university in the United States (US) Qualtrics software was used to collect data. The total number of participants was 797.

Findings: The findings show that although both SPML and reflection are positively associated with rumor refutation, higher SPML alone is not enough. Reflective judgment is critical for individuals to take part in this behavior online, such that individuals with higher reflective judgment indicated that they refute rumors online, irrespective of their SPML score.

Originality: The authors tested the relationship of multiple variables with participants correction behavior. Although research shows the importance of social correction, there is not much knowledge about what facilitates actual misinformation correction.

Organizational scholars studying compensation often place an emphasis on certain employee groups (e.g., executives). Missing from this discussion is research on the compensation systems for low-wage jobs. In this review, the authors argue that workers in low-wage jobs represent a unique employment group in their understanding of rent allocation in organizations. The authors address the design of compensation strategies in organizations that lead to different outcomes for workers in low-wage jobs versus other workers. Drawing on and integrating human resource management (HRM), inequality, and worker literatures with compensation literature, the authors describe and explain compensation systems for low-wage work. The authors start by examining workers in low-wage work to identify aspects of these workers’ jobs and lives that can influence their health, performance, and other organizationally relevant outcomes. Next, the authors explore the compensation systems common for this type of work, building on the compensation literature, by identifying the low-wage work compensation designs, proposing the likely explanations for why organizations craft these designs, and describing the worker and organizational outcomes of these designs. The authors conclude with suggestions for future research in this growing field and explore how organizations may benefit by rethinking their approach to compensation for low-wage work. In sum, the authors hope that this review will be a foundational work for those interested in investigating organizational compensation issues at the intersection of inequality and worker and organizational outcomes.