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The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the generalized self-efficacy (GSE) of youth in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Youth issues have been at the forefront of political discourse in the region and often youth are presented in the media as having fundamental deficits, which are tied to growing inequality and lack of social mobility. This study offers more perspective of the characteristics of Hong Kong youth to contribute to the literature as well as influence the discourse on youth and youth issues.

The study is based on a community survey of youth in the New Territories of Hong Kong with over 2000 respondents. The survey was based on a valid and reliable instrument on GSE to measure the GSE of youth in the region. GSE characteristics are analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s α for internal consistency, factor analysis to verify the dimensional nature of the scale. The relationships between GSE and age and gender were analyzed using multiple linear regression model.

Findings indicated that despite a slightly higher, yet statistically significant GSE scores for females, and little impact of age on GSE, Hong Kong youth have normal levels of GSE. This finding offers a counter to the pathologizing of youth’s individual characteristics, and implies the need for a shift in discourse toward more targeted examination of the structural issues that act as barriers to social mobility of today’s young people in Hong Kong.

The study focused on GSE, which is correlated with other constructs such as confidence, but not established in causal relationships with other variables. More research is needed to link GSE and confidence in these groups, as well as links to structural issues that may impact various youth characteristics.

The study offers insight, which could be used to inform Non-Governmental Organizations and educational programs targeting disadvantaged youth. Programs that pathologize youth characteristics may be able to employ the findings to shift approaches toward more targeted skills-building as well as programming addressing structural barriers.

The study offers a counter-narrative to the contemporary deficit view of today’s youth in Hong Kong. This study provides basis for shifting the discourse away from situating social issues in Hong Kong at the individual level with youth, and toward structural, societal level influences on inequality and social mobility of younger generations.

Although GSE has been measured across the globe, this study sought to target the GSE of a group that has been framed in the media and political discourse as lacking in a variety of important characteristics. This study’s findings offer a counter-narrative to the generally negative attitudes toward youth as shy, lacking in confidence, antisocial and without a strong work ethic.

This study aims to employ the componential theory and interactionist perspective of creativity to explore how cognitive and affective transformations foster creativity. It investigates the influence of dispositional factors (cultural intelligence, ambiguity tolerance, social awareness) and contextual factors (international learning experiences) on students’ self-efficacy and subsequently on creative process engagement (CPE). Additionally, it examines the moderating role of cultural distance in the relationship between self-efficacy and CPE.

A survey was conducted with 1,829 Indonesian students involved in international student mobility (ISM). The hypotheses were tested using partial least square structural equation modeling.

The study found that dispositional factors (cultural intelligence, ambiguity tolerance, social awareness) and the contextual factor of international learning experience significantly enhance self-efficacy. In turn, self-efficacy significantly promotes creative process engagement. Specifically, self-efficacy fully mediates the relationships between cultural intelligence and CPE, as well as international learning experience and CPE. It also partially mediates the relationships between ambiguity tolerance and CPE, and social awareness and CPE, with both being complementary mediations. However, cultural distance did not moderate the relationship between self-efficacy and CPE.

This study addresses the research gap by focusing on creativity as a process in the context of ISM. By integrating a comprehensive perspective of creativity, this study provides new insights into how dispositional and contextual factors interact to shape self-efficacy and creative engagement, especially in the context of emerging economies such as Indonesia. The findings underscore the importance of self-efficacy in fostering creative engagement among university students who experience ISM and offer valuable implications for educational practices and policies aimed at enhancing creativity in higher education.

Using data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study (NLTS) and the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2), this study compared the post-high school outcomes of young adults with learning disabilities (LD) or emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) in 1990 and 2005. These cohort comparisons reveal how the results of special education have changed over that time period as evidenced in the post-high school outcomes of nationally representative samples of youth. The extended data collection time period of NLTS2 (2001–2009) also enabled an assessment of the evolution in the post-high school outcomes of young adults with LD or EBD who had been out of high school up to 8 years. The post-high school outcomes considered included high school completion, postsecondary education enrollment and completion, employment status and wages, and community integration as illustrated by living arrangements and criminal justice system involvement. Findings for both the NLTS/NLTS2 cohort comparisons and the longitudinal analyses from NLTS2 indicate progress in efforts to improve outcomes for youth and young adults with LD or EBD but also underscore the work ahead in setting these groups on a path to successful adulthood. Implications for practice and research are discussed.