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Reports on the work of the National Physical Laboratory in evaluating commercial biometric authentification systems.

Reviews the results of the first round of testing, completed in 2000, and describes the new equipment to be used in the second round.

Various biometric features are being used for the unique identification of individual people, but so far the iris seems to be the most stable and is most successfully encoded for rapid and accurate recognition. Many biometric systems have an adjustable threshold controlling the trade‐off between security and user‐friendliness. By combining biometric features, for example, the geometry and texture of the face, the accuracy may be improved.

Reports on the standardization of test procedures for evaluating biometric devices, and the availability of objective evaluation results for different types of equipment.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the correlation among the best state of art algorithms for fingerprint verification presented at Fingerprint Verification Competition FVC2004.

For this work, the matching results of more than 40 fingerprint systems from both academy and industry are available on standard benchmark.

The paper shows that the fusion among some competitors of FVC2004 permits a drastically reduction of the performance. Surprisingly, correlation between best performing algorithms is very low, that is, algorithms tend to make different errors: this indicated there is still much room for improvements.

The results of this paper confirm that a multi‐matcher system can overcome some of the limitations of a single matcher resulting in a substantial performance improvement.

The paper tests the fusion among the state‐of‐the‐art practitioners in fingerprint matching (the competitors of FVC2004).

Reviews current vulnerabilities of US civil infrastructure and how they might be addressed with identification/authentication technologies.

Paper presents brief overview of biometric technology – its history, evolution since 9/11 and current state of the technology. Paper then reviews identity‐based US civil infrastructure vulnerabilities and how they may be mitigated with the integration of biometrics into risk management systems.

Much has been achieved in the maturation of biometrics in the past five years with respect to standards development, scalability and testing; thus making them far more applicable to large scale deployment.

Biometrics, on a stand‐alone basis, but more often when integrated with other ID/authentication technologies can have a positive impact on the security of US civil infrastructure.

Paper offers those responsible for civil infrastructure protection new approaches to identify assurance.

To illustrate the application of chromatic approaches to complexity with two illustrations each involving the interaction of two complex systems biological and polychromatic light.

Chromatic parameters (H, L, S) were derived from the monitored biological systems plant growth monitored by CCTV with light enhancement by light emitting diodes (LED) and human tissue oxygenation data that may be obtained from optical fibre‐based monitoring. A single chromatic parameter was derived from the H, L, S parameters.

The derived chromatic parameter C_T appears to vary linearly with the aspect being monitored plant growth as indicated by chromatic parameters and blood oxygenation as indicated by chromatic parameters.

Illustrates the possibility of cost‐effective chromatic‐based monitoring and control of complex systems plant growth enhanced by high efficiency/low energy LEDs and human tissue blood oxygenation (TBO) as well as additional applications in advanced pulse oximetry and neonatal bilirubin monitoring.

Illustrates the application of a generic technology in the area of complex systems, where there are interactions between two complex systems, biological and polychromatic light. The chromatic technology supports the derivation of linear relationships for monitoring and control.

To overview the iris cameras, iris recognition systems, and their applications.

Introduced and examined commercially available or lab prototype iris cameras and systems to compare their functionalities and applications.

Each kind of camera has its advantage and disadvantage. From the application view, each iris recognition system has its unique values.

This paper offers latest updates and essential information on iris recognition cameras and systems. It can benefit busy engineers, researchers, and managers who are interested in biometrics, security, and new technologies.

To present the specifications and the technologies underpinning some new high‐speed cameras, and explore their applications.

Describes the industrial, military and other applications of high‐speed imaging. Traces the recent technical developments in sensors for visible and infrared light. Then describes some specific high‐speed cameras.

CMOS sensors have now taken over from CCD in high‐speed visible cameras. Microbolometers have made low‐cost uncooled cameras available for infrared imaging. Applications range from serious research and development topics, such as air‐bag and seat‐belt performance and combustion studies, to investigations of natural phenomena and analysis of sports equipment.

Monitors the progress of imaging technology and describes its current capabilities to the interested reader.

Aims to develop an efficient and robust system for real‐time personal identification by automatic face recognition.

A wavelet‐based image hierarchy and a guided coarse‐to‐fine search scheme are introduced to improve the computation efficiency in the face detection task. In addition, a Gabor‐based low feature dimensional pattern is proposed to deal with the face recognition problem.

The proposal of a wavelet‐based image hierarchy and a guided coarse‐to‐fine search scheme is effective to improve the computation efficiency in the face detection task. The introduction of a low feature dimensional pattern is powerful to cope with the transformed appearance‐based face recognition problem. In addition, the use of aggregated Gabor filter responses to represent face images provides a better solution to face feature extraction.

Provides guidance in the design of automatic face recognition system for real‐time personal identification.

Biometrics recognition has been emerging as a new and effective identification technology that attains certain level of maturity. Among many body characteristics that have been used, face is one of the most commonly used characteristics and has drawn considerably large attentions. An automated system to confirm an individual's identity employing features of face is very attractive in many specialized fields.

Introduces a wavelet‐based image hierarchy and a guided coarse‐to‐fine search scheme to improve the computation efficiency in the face detection task. Introduces a Gabor‐based low feature dimensional pattern to deal with the face recognition problem.

To predict the influence of inherent microfabrication and operating environmental influences on the performance of capacitive type sensors and actuators so that one can tune the performance and carry out more realistic designs.

When the sensors and actuators are micromachined or microfabricated, they are subjected to special problems that are characteristic to microdimensions. The important concerns are the influence of microfabrication process on the material properties and influence of operating environment on the system behavior. Hence, this paper proposed a way of quantifying and modeling the influence of inherent limitations of microfabrication and operating environment for the better design of micromachined capacitive type sensors and actuators. The methodology applies the modeling the variation of the elastic property of the system due to above influences through elastic stiffening and weakening concepts. The approach includes the application of boundary conditioning concept through Rayleigh energy method.

The microfabrication process and electrostatic field can alter significantly both static and dynamic behavior of the device. The performance of the device could also be tuned through these influences.

As the displacement of the sensors is expected to be small, linear approach is applied. The sensitivity, output range, operating limits and natural frequencies of the sensor can be easily controlled by varying the process and operating environmental influences.

Improved and more realistic design of microfabricated capacitive type sensors and actuators for many applications, such as, pressure sensors, microphones, microspeakers, etc.

A simple and easy way of modeling and quantifying the influence of process and operating environment was proposed for the betterment of design. The proposed design method can be applied for any micromachined or microfabricated capacitive type sensors and actuators so that varying sensitivities, output ranges and natural frequencies could be obtained. Over the last few years, newly emerging micro‐electro‐mechanical‐systems (MEMS) technology and micro‐fabrication techniques have gained popularity and importance in the miniaturization of a variety of sensors and actuators. The proposed technique is very useful in making the field of MEMS more matured as it attempts to model the problems that are unique to MEMS environment.

To study the mathematical image coding approaches used in two types of biometric systems, and the physical nature of those biometrics.

Gives details of algorithms used to encode data from images in established and new automatic iris recognition systems. Then examines face recognition techniques based on geometry, texture and three‐dimensional data.

Most commercial iris recognition systems are based on the algorithms developed by one man, John Daugman. Whilst iris systems can be used to check a person's identity against a large database of enrolled people, face recognition systems are currently only capable of use in one‐to‐one recognition mode, or in identification mode against a very small database. The iris is very distinctive and stable over time, but the face is much more variable and therefore difficult to identify with accuracy.

Provides the general scientific reader with some insight into the specialised field of biometric recognition.