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Drawing on the principal-agent theoretical perspective, we assert that sellers’ opportunism is acknowledged as an essential component that could determine the quality of the relationship between buyers (principals) and sellers (agents). The primary aim of this research is to investigate the influence of seller behavior vs outcome-based reputation and seller’s perceived freedom on opportunistic behavior in the Chinese e-commerce platform context.

The data collected from 436 e-commerce platform sellers were analyzed and interpreted using structural equation modeling.

The results indicate that both behavior-based and outcome-based reputations positively impact sellers’ perceived freedom but negatively impact their opportunism. Additionally, while perceived freedom of objectives reduces opportunism, freedom of action increases it. The study also highlights the significant moderating roles of prevention mechanisms and ethical ideology.

This study extends the principal-agent perspective by integrating the seller’s reputation as a potential source of preventing sellers from behaving opportunistically on e-commerce platforms.

This study aims to determine whether the financial ecosystem is reliable for evaluating a company’s financial performance at various lifecycle stages or whether value-based performance metrics like Economic Value Added (EVA) are the most comprehensive indicators regardless of the company’s lifecycle stage. The evaluation will analyse the importance of value-based and accounting performance benchmarks (EVA, Return on Capital Employed, Return on Equity and Earnings per Share) in creating shareholder value, as measured by market value added, throughout the company’s lifecycle.

This study is based on a robust empirical analysis of 228 Indian firms listed on the National Stock Exchange Nifty 500 Index from 2006 to 2023. By considering firms of different sizes and ages, the authors aim to capture and analyse any distinct impact across various stages of their lifecycles. Using quantile regression for analysis equips the authors to effectively address extreme events such as the 2008 global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, making the method particularly suitable for conditionally distributed samples based on size and age.

The research reveals that various performance indicators are crucial at different stages of a company’s lifecycle for generating wealth for shareholders. However, considering the significance of the EVA measure, it is recommended that policymakers standardize the calculation of EVA and mandate its disclosure.

The authors comprehensively analysed the economic value addition relative to a company’s size and age, going beyond previous studies that focused solely on specific size categories. This offers managers valuable insights into aligning business performance measures with the various stages of the business lifecycle.

Tourism is an essential industry in Indonesia, and understanding its inter-sectoral and inter-regional connections is critical for policy development. This study examines the economic impact of regional tourism in Indonesia and the connections between different tourism-related regions and industries.

This study uses a non-survey method to estimate the inter-regional input-output table (IRIOT) in 2019, backward and forward linkage to identify the role of tourism in the economy, and the structural path analysis (SPA) to identify the inter-sectoral and inter-regional flow of tourism effect. The benchmark IRIOT 2016 published by Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) serves as the primary data source.

The findings indicate that tourism has a relatively high impact on the overall national economy and plays an essential role in nine provinces. However, this study uses four provinces to represent Indonesian tourism: Jakarta, Jawa Timur, Bali, and Kepulauan Riau. The SPA result captures that Kepulauan Riau Province has the highest tourism multiplier effect and Jawa Timur has the highest coverage value. Moreover, the manufacturing sector receives the most benefit from the tourism effect, followed by trade, construction, agriculture, transportation, and electricity-gas. From a spatial perspective, tourism connections are not solely based on geographical proximity. Instead, they are established through an intricate supply chain network of manufactured goods. This emphasizes the significance of considering supply chain dynamics when investigating inter-regional relationships in the tourism sector.

This research contributes to the literature by estimating the IRIOT in 2019, disaggregating tourism activities from related economic sectors, constructing tourism-extended IRIOT, and identifying the critical path of tourism effect in numerous provinces with different economic structures. This novel approach offers valuable insights into the full spectrum of tourism’s economic impact, which has not been previously explored in this depth. This study is useful for policymaking, investment insight, and disaster mitigation.