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The lubricating fluid stored in the porous matrix will spontaneously exude to supplement the lubricating film in the damaged area, thus ensuring the long-term self-lubricating function of the porous surface. To reveal the repair mechanism of oil film, it is necessary to understand the flow characteristics of oil in micropores. The purpose of this study guides the design of micropore structure to realize the rapid exudation of oil to the porous surface and the rapid repair of the lubricating film.

In this paper, cylindrical orifice, convergent orifice and divergent orifice were studied. The numerical model of lubricating oil exudation in micropores was established. The distribution characteristics of oil pressure, velocity and three-phase contact line in the process of oil exudation were investigated. The effects of different orifice shapes and orifice structure parameters on the pinning and spreading characteristics of oil droplet were analyzed. Then the internal mechanisms of oil droplet formation and spread on the orifice surface were summarized.

The results show that during the process of oil exudation, the three-phase contact line of the oil drop is pinned once at the edge of the cylindrical and convergent orifice. Compared with the three orifice structures, the inlet pressure of the oil drop is low, and the oil velocity at the pinning point is stable in the divergent orifice. Resulting in favorable oil exudation. It is easier for oil droplet to depin by appropriately reducing the wall wetting angle, increasing the aperture or controlling the wall inclination angle. Ensure the self-healing and long-lasting lubrication film of porous oil-bearing surfaces.

The effect of pore structure on the flow behavior of lubricating fluid has always been concerned. But the mechanism by which different orifice shape affect the pinning behavior of oil droplets is not yet clear, which is crucial for understanding the self-healing mechanism of oil films on porous surfaces. It is meaningful to analyze the mechanism of oil exudation and spreading on the porous surface of oil in the special orifice, to optimize the design of the orifice structure.

Orifice shape has influence on internal flow field parameters. There is no report on the influence of orifice shape on the film formation process of oil seepage and diffusion from pores. The effects of different orifice shapes and orifice structure parameters on the characteristics of oil droplet pinning and diffusion were studied.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-04-2024-0118/

Live streaming commerce has emerged as an essential strategy for vendors to effectively promote their products due to its unique content presentation and real-time interaction. This study aims to investigate the influence of viewer-streamer interaction and viewer-viewer interaction on consumer trust and the subsequent impact of trust on consumers' purchase intention within the live streaming commerce context.

A survey questionnaire was conducted to collect data, and 403 experienced live streaming users in China were recruited. Covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) was used for data analysis.

The results indicated that viewer-streamer interaction factors (i.e., personalization and responsiveness) and viewer-viewer interaction factors (i.e., co-viewer involvement and bullet-screen mutuality) significantly influence trust in streamers and co-viewers. Additionally, drawing on trust transfer theory, trust in streamers and co-viewers positively influences trust in products, while trust in co-viewers also positively influences both trust in streamers and products. Furthermore, all three forms of trust positively impact consumers' purchase intentions.

This study enriches the extant literature by investigating interaction-based trust-building mechanisms and uncovering the transfer relationships among three trust targets (streamers, co-viewers and products). Furthermore, this study provides some practical guidelines to the streamers and practitioners for promoting consumers’ trust and purchase intention in live streaming commerce.