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The rapid advancement of AI in education brings both significant challenges and opportunities. In Pakistan, where the educational system is facing numerous issues, AI integration has raised significant concerns. Therefore, this study aims to explore the challenges AI poses to the Pakistani education system in the era of digital transformation.

A focus group was conducted with 13 participants, including educators and heads of departments from universities located in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Thematic analysis was used to generate themes from the data.

The study findings indicated that AI integration in education can provide personalized and adaptive learning and teaching experiences by bridging the educational divide through easy access to quality education. Participants also highlighted the anxieties related to the digital divide as a great challenge for Pakistan. The integration of AI and automation in education is also raising concerns about job displacement for educators.

It highlighted that the integration of AI into the educational system can also bring both challenges and opportunities. To tackle these issues, potential strategies such as professional development and training programs to develop AI literacy among educators need to be introduced.

The advent of a dynamic and uncertain environment has shifted organizational focus from reactive to proactive approaches to develop resilience against disruptions. Organizations can strengthen their supply chain networks through strategic changes in structure and processes. In this connection, this study explores the extant literature on supply chain resilience (SCRE) concerning soft organizational factors (leadership, organizational culture and knowledge management) to analyse recent trends in this domain and propose future research directions.

It is a bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review of research articles from 2004 to 2024, collected from ISI Web of Science with keywords searches such as “knowledge management and supply chain resilience,” “leadership and supply chain resilience” and “organizational culture and supply chain resilience.” “VOS viewer” and “ATLAS.ti” were utilized for the co-occurrence and co-authorship analysis of the articles along with focusing on aspects such as theoretical and practical implications, the collaboration institutions and the countries involved in relation to the topic of interest.

The review shows that the development of studies on SCRE was slow from 2004 to 2015 but grew significantly from 2015 onwards and rose exponentially after 2020. Most studies were published in 2023. Results reveal the development of proactive strategies for SCRE in the recent literature by focusing on organizational factors. The study highlights exploring the contextual interplay between environmental, social and governance (ESG) and soft organizational factors for mitigation of supply chain risk and resilience in large-scale projects.

The COVID-19 pandemic became the precursor to highlighting the antecedents of SCRE, but the study of soft organizational drivers is still an ongoing area of research. There is a need to map the nascent literature on the link between organizational soft drivers and SCRE.

This study aims to examine the mediating effects of two corporate social responsibility factors – leadership mindset and corporate commitment – on the relationship between sustainable orientation toward Industry 4.0 and environmental decision-making effectiveness.

The research model was tested using structural equation modeling based on survey data from 175 companies serving the Hajj and Umrah sector in Saudi Arabia, a sector recognized for its high level of digitalization.

The results indicate that a sustainable orientation toward Industry 4.0 and digitalization positively influences environmental decision-making effectiveness. Additionally, Corporate commitment was found to have a direct positive effect on environmental decision-making effectiveness, while leadership mindset showed no significant effect.

This study highlights the critical role of sustainable Industry 4.0, driven by digitalization, in enhancing service quality and competitive value in companies serving the Hajj and Umrah sector. These companies see digitalization as an opportunity to improve business outcomes through effective environmental strategic decisions, though its application remains challenging. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing empirical insights into the impact of digitalization on environmental decision-making effectiveness within this specific context.