Mohammad Hosein Madihi, Ali Akbar Shirzadi Javid and Farnad Nasirzadeh
In traditional Bayesian belief networks (BBNs), a large amount of data are required to complete network parameters, which makes it impractical. In addition, no systematic method…
Abstract
Purpose
In traditional Bayesian belief networks (BBNs), a large amount of data are required to complete network parameters, which makes it impractical. In addition, no systematic method has been used to create the structure of the BBN. The aims of this study are to: (1) decrease the number of questions and time and effort required for completing the parameters of the BBN and (2) present a simple and apprehensible method for creating the BBN structure based on the expert knowledge.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, by combining the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and BBN, a model is introduced that can form the project risk network and analyze the impact of risk factors on project cost quantitatively based on the expert knowledge. The ranked node method (RNM) is then used to complete the parametric part of the BBN using the same data obtained from the experts to analyze DEMATEL.
Findings
Compared to the traditional BBN, the proposed method will significantly reduce the time and effort required to elicit network parameters and makes it easy to create a BBN structure. The results obtained from the implementation of the model on a mass housing project showed that considering the identified risk factors, the cost overruns relating to material, equipment, workforce and overhead cost were 37.6, 39.5, 42 and 40.1%, respectively.
Research limitations/implications
Compared to the traditional BBN, the proposed method will significantly reduce the time and effort required to elicit network parameters and makes it easy to create a BBN structure. The results obtained from the implementation of the model on a mass housing project showed that considering the identified risk factors, the cost overruns relating to material, equipment, workforce and overhead cost were 37.6, 39.5, 42 and 40.1%, respectively. The obtained results are based on a single case study project and may not be readily generalizable.
Originality/value
The presented framework makes the BBN more practical for quantitatively assessing the impact of risk on project costs. This helps to manage financial issues, which is one of the main reasons for project bankruptcy.
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Ali Mohammad Khanaki, Ali Akbar Farzinfar, Mehdi Safari Gerayli and Meysam Arabzadeh
This study aims to contribute to the accounting knowledge literature by presenting the framework of forensic accounting drivers and evaluation of its identified factors on social…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to contribute to the accounting knowledge literature by presenting the framework of forensic accounting drivers and evaluation of its identified factors on social distrust trauma contexts in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted mixed, both inductive and deductive approach to develop an integrated framework, validate its practicability and verify its effectiveness in selected firms listed on the TSE, respectively. In developing the framework and implementation procedure, the study used an exploratory data collection (qualitative) approach to review the phenomenon of the shadow accounting functions. Then, in the second phase, this study tested the research hypothesis through a partial least squares process. The population of the study is made up of all financial managers and heads of the accounting department of capital market companies in Iran. Presently, there are 185 companies (TSE). From this, a sample of 100 companies was selected which are all in the TSE. As suggested by Niles (2006), a minimum sample size of 10% of the population is generally acceptable. A questionnaire survey was adopted in obtaining primary data for this study. Therefore, based on Cochran sampling techniques, 405 questionnaires were returned and became the basis of analysis.
Findings
Based on the mixed method of this study, the result in the qualitative part provides the forensic accounting framework of the existence of three categories; there are six components and 39 themes during 13 interviews. In the quantitative section, the results of the study showed that forensic accounting has a negative and significant effect on the trauma of social mistrust in the accounting profession.
Originality/value
This paper has created a framework that provides empirical evidence for an approach for future research to examine further issues of forensic accounting work. Moreover, this paper, through the provided framework, developed propositions showing relationships between the professionalism level, the legislation infrastructure and the quality of services, particularly in relation to forensic accounting, which helps to develop the protection of shareholders in the future.
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Mohammad Mominul Islam, Mohamed Syazwan Ab Talib and Nazlida Muhamad
Halal certification is predominantly linked with the product and its production process. However, certifying price, place and promotion (3Ps) has not received enough attention…
Abstract
Purpose
Halal certification is predominantly linked with the product and its production process. However, certifying price, place and promotion (3Ps) has not received enough attention theoretically and empirically. Against this backdrop, this study aims to unravel the halal certification of the marketing mix in Bangladesh’s cosmetics industry.
Design/methodology/approach
Fourteen mid and top executives from 12 national, international and multinational cosmetic companies were interviewed from November 2023 to January 2024. The data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti 2024 to showcase content, concept, sentiment, correlation, network and thematic analysis, exploring respondents’ perceptions aligned with Islamic principles.
Findings
The respondents held highly negative perceptions about certifying halal pricing, followed by promotion and supply chain or place. The mixed perceptions illustrate that certifying the halal product is easier than certifying the halal price, promotion and place (3Ps). Conditional and positive perceptions can foster halal certification of the entire marketing mix, while negative perceptions seem to be a threat to the halal cosmetics industry.
Practical implications
The findings have implications for academic, managerial and policymaking issues, benefiting halal cosmetics consumers. Based on this empirical study, halal stakeholders can determine the likelihood of certifying the entire marketing mix.
Originality/value
This study proposes certifying the halal status of the marketing mix against the backdrop of the scarcity of theoretical and practical premises.
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The focus on corporate governance has increased after the financial collapses of several banks worldwide, such as Silicon Valley Bank and First Republic Bank in the USA, and the…
Abstract
Purpose
The focus on corporate governance has increased after the financial collapses of several banks worldwide, such as Silicon Valley Bank and First Republic Bank in the USA, and the failure of the Lebanese banking sector. This study examines the impact of audit committee (AC) characteristics on financial performance and investigates the moderating effect of ownership concentration (OC) on the associations between AC characteristics and profitability.
Design/methodology/approach
The current research is carried out based on 211 Lebanese banks’ annual reports, focusing on the period from 2012 to 2021. The ordinal least squares (OLS) and the hierarchical multiple regression analysis were adopted to test the study’s hypotheses.
Findings
The outcomes reveal that AC size, AC frequency of meetings, and banks’ size (control variable) positively affect financial performance; however, OC does not moderate the associations between the AC characteristics and banks’ profitability.
Originality/value
According to the researcher’s knowledge, no prior study has investigated the moderating effect of OC on these associations. Moreover, the current study contributes to the literature that documented mixed and inconsistent results regarding the direct associations between AC characteristics and financial performance.
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Albertina Paula Monteiro, Catarina Cepêda, Ana Pinto Borges and Elvira Vieira
This paper aims to analyse the corporate social responsibility (CSR) Committee presence and gender equality influence on environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to analyse the corporate social responsibility (CSR) Committee presence and gender equality influence on environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance reporting in a pre- and during Covid-19 crisis in European Union (EU) listed entities.
Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the goal, an empirical analysis was conducted with 1,221 listed companies in EU as support for the economics years 2017–2021. Statistical technique used to analyse the relationship between the variables under study was regression analysis with panel data.
Findings
Results show that CSR committee presence, stakeholder engagement and gender equality are positively associated with ESG performance reporting, but the Covid-19 crisis and the book value per share do not influence the dependent variable. The model variables determine 99% of the ESG performance reporting.
Practical implications
The results are useful for managers, governments and organizations in developing sustainability reporting standards. As companies navigate the complex landscape of sustainability challenges, integrating sustainable development goals into their strategies and ESG reports provides a roadmap for creating positive, lasting impacts on a global scale.
Originality/value
This research covers listed firms from throughout the EU and the pre- and during-Covid era.
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Md. Mohidul Islam, Md. Aminul Islam, Md. Sharif Hassan and Rula AlHalaseh
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Shari’ah supervisory board (SSB) and its impact on risk-taking in the presence of a strong and effective board of directors…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Shari’ah supervisory board (SSB) and its impact on risk-taking in the presence of a strong and effective board of directors (BoD) among Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) in Bangladesh.
Design/methodology/approach
This study is conducted as a sample and extracted data from bank annual reports of 16 IFIs in Bangladesh from 2011 to 2020. To overcome the endogeneity, the research has applied the two-step systems generalized method of moments model with Arellano−Bover and Blundell−Bond estimators.
Findings
The results indicated that the indices of BoD and SSB negatively influence each other’s credit risk, particularly in the Southeast Asian context, focusing on IFIs in Bangladesh. In addition, the SSB mediated risk-taking positively when coupled with a strong BoD.
Practical implications
This paper emphasizes how the multiple board systems and their impact on risk-taking make the unique governance structure. Risk-sharing, avoiding fixed-up interest rates and ethical investing are controlled by the dual board’s contributions to financial stability. SSB contributes significantly to improve the regulatory coordination and product innovation in the global financial system to combat unethical profits from society.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature gap of the dual board’s role of governance. It is believed to be one of the first studies that provide empirical evidence and theories on SSB’s mediating role in the context of socio-economic, cultural and policy with other similar contexts of subcontinent particularly in Bangladeshi’s IFIs.
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Md Sozon, Bee Chuan Sia, Wei Fong Pok and Omar Hamdan Mohammad Alkharabsheh
This study aimed to review the different types of academic integrity violations reported in the literature between 2013 and 2023. Moreover, this study investigated the causes of…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to review the different types of academic integrity violations reported in the literature between 2013 and 2023. Moreover, this study investigated the causes of these violations and recommends approaches and measures that can be implemented to minimise academic integrity violations in the era of artificial intelligence (AI).
Design/methodology/approach
We reviewed 27 articles published between 2013 and 2023 from the Scopus database. We followed the reporting guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to select, filter, and report relevant studies that met the research objectives.
Findings
The study revealed that various individual, institutional, social, cultural, and technological factors contribute to academic integrity violations. To minimise this issue, higher education institutions should offer brief academic integrity tutorial courses to all first-year students to enhance their knowledge of academic integrity. Moreover, academic honour codes should be regularly reviewed and updated, and technological tools should be implemented to detect AI-generated third-party assignments submitted by students. Furthermore, higher education institutions should frequently conduct training and workshops to educate students on the consequences of violating academic integrity.
Originality/value
This study contributes to existing literature. It highlights the wider societal implications of academic integrity violations such as their influence on workforce readiness and ethical standards in professional environments.
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Mohammad Mominul Islam and Mostofa Mahmud Hasan
While the Noble Quran dictates the prohibition of interest, conventional banks promote Islamic banking by opening Islamic banking windows. Against this backdrop, this study aims…
Abstract
Purpose
While the Noble Quran dictates the prohibition of interest, conventional banks promote Islamic banking by opening Islamic banking windows. Against this backdrop, this study aims to investigate the perceived gaps between managers and clients in Islamic marketing and banking, focusing on conventional banks’ Islamic banking windows.
Design/methodology/approach
Guided by a qualitative approach, semi-structured personal interviews and observations served as the data collection methods, involving 25 banks and 50 respondents in 3 different districts, namely, Shirajganj, Rajshahi and Chapainawabganj of Bangladesh from January to October 2023. The data were analysed using ATLAS.ti 2023 to explore codes and quotations derived from 14 interview questions. Further, ATLAS.ti 2023 facilitated synthesizing content, concepts, code occurrence, network analysis and thematic analysis.
Findings
Islamic and non-Islamic banks use Quranic verses, hadiths (prophetic traditions), images of mosques, the Kaaba and Arabic texts as Islamic marketing tools. These spiritual, divine and prescriptive tools are associated with Islamic banking. However, conventional banks receive criticism for having separate Islamic banking windows to serve religiously conscious clients, which generates tension among clients and bank managers.
Practical implications
The findings can theoretically assist academics in examining conventional banks’ Islamic marketing and banking practices, opening Islamic banking windows. Importantly, Shariah boards can play policy roles in safeguarding the function of Islamic marketing and banking. Managers can use the findings to anticipate client perceptions and enhance Islamic marketing and banking strategies. Likewise, the social implications include the explicit stance of Shariah to mitigate the mixture of halal and haram banking.
Originality/value
This pioneering study explores the perspectives of Islamic banking windows by non-Islamic banks. The combination of Islamic marketing and banking is a noteworthy novelty in this study and deserves recognition for its unique contribution to halal marketing and finance.
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Mu’men Al Thnaibat, Krayyem Al-Hajaya and Mohammad Q. Alshhadat
This study aims to examine the effect of Islamic governance through Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) on performance of Islamic banks (IBs). Specifically, it investigates the impact…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the effect of Islamic governance through Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) on performance of Islamic banks (IBs). Specifically, it investigates the impact of seven proxies for Islamic governance of SSB (size, number of meetings, independence, financial and accounting experiences, previous experience on SSBs, change in composition and presence of higher Sharia supervision) on the financial performance (return on assets [ROA]) of 28 listed IBs from 10 different Arab countries between 2019 and 2023.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from the annual reports and other information available on banks’ websites, the websites of central banks and the financial markets.
Findings
OLS regression results indicate that greater member independence, SSB members’ prior expertise and less change in the SSB composition have a significant positive influence on the financial performance of IBs.
Research limitations/implications
The study findings are useful to IBs, and the governing bodies in Islamic countries in terms of emphasizing the importance of maintaining the financial independence of SSBs, appointing expert members and maintaining stability in the composition of SSBs.
Practical implications
The study’s findings offer significant implications for Islamic investment banks and regulatory authorities. These findings highlight the critical importance of maintaining the financial independence of Shariah Supervisory Boards, selecting expert members, and preserving board stability.
Social implications
Policymakers may consider the authors’ recommendations to establish a higher SSB, affiliating this monitoring body with the financial market authority or the monetary authority, to create a sound governance system at the macro level and better enforcement.
Originality/value
This study provides an original contribution to Islamic banking and Islamic governance literature as a cross-countries study, in its consideration of the presence of higher Sharia supervision in the country, alongside members’ financial independence as variables in the effectiveness of SSBs, and as a result on the performance of IBs.
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Keywords
Dana Indra Sensuse, Deden Sumirat Hidayat and Ima Zanu Setyaningrum
The application of knowledge management (KM) in government agencies is one strategy to deal with government problems effectively and efficiently. This study aims to identify KM…
Abstract
Purpose
The application of knowledge management (KM) in government agencies is one strategy to deal with government problems effectively and efficiently. This study aims to identify KM readiness critical success factors (CSFs), measure the level of readiness for KM implementation, identify improvement initiatives and develop KM readiness models for government agencies. This model plays a role in the implementation of KM successful.
Design/methodology/approach
The level of readiness is obtained by calculating the factor weights of the opinions of experts using the entropy method. The readiness value is calculated from the results of the questionnaire with average descriptive statistics. The method for analysis of improvement initiatives adopts the Asian Productivity Organization framework. The model was developed based on a systems approach and expert validation.
Findings
Reliability testing with a Cronbach’s alpha value for entropy is 0.861 and the questionnaire is 0.920. The result of measuring KM readiness in government agencies is 75.29% which is at level 3 (ready/needs improvement). The improvement in the level of readiness is divided into two parts: increasing the value of factors that are still less than ready (75%) and increasing the value of all factors to level 4 (84%). The model consists of three main sections: input (KMCSFs), process (KM readiness) and output (KM implementation).
Research limitations/implications
The first suggestion is that the sample of employees used in this study is still in limited quantities, that is, 50% of the total population. The second limitation is determining KMCSFs. According to experts, combining this study with factor search and correlation computations would make it more complete. The expert’s advice aims to obtain factors that can be truly tested both subjectively and objectively. Finally, regarding literature selection for future research, it is recommended to use a systematic literature review such as the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and Kitchenham procedures.
Practical implications
The management must also prioritize KMCSF according to its level and make KMCSF a key performance indicator. For example, at the priority level, active leadership in KM is the leading performance indicator of a leader. Then at the second priority level, management can make a culture of sharing an indicator of employee performance through a gamification program. The last point that management must pay attention to in implementing all of these recommendations is to collaborate with relevant stakeholders, for example, those authorized to draft regulations and develop human resources.
Originality/value
This study proposes a novel comprehensive framework to measure and improve KM implementation readiness in government agencies. This study also proposes a KMCSF and novel KM readiness model with its improvement initiatives through this framework.