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This study aims to use Lean principles, including the traditional seven types of waste and four additional service-specific waste types, to identify and eliminate wasteful activities.

The study integrates existing literature to identify different types of waste and conducts a case study within the Malaysian Customs Administration. The application process flow for License Manufacturing Warehouse is examined, and waste is identified and eliminated using the principles of waste elimination in Lean.

The study identifies eight prevalent types of waste in service processes, with motion being the most common and duplication the least. The case study in the Malaysian Customs Administration reveals no instances of waste in communication and error categories, indicating commendable efficiency in these areas. These insights offer valuable benchmarks for organizations seeking to optimize processes and address specific types of waste.

This paper is crucial for showcasing the practical implementation of waste elimination theory in Lean across the service sector, focusing on the Malaysian Customs Administration. It offers targeted insights into tailoring these principles for real-world efficiency gains, contributing valuable strategies for waste reduction in a specific organizational context.

In light of the growing emphasis on sustainability in higher education, this paper aims to explore the effectiveness of sustainability university rankings, specifically focusing on sustainable development (SD), to understand their impact on advancing universities’ sustainability goals and address gaps in practical implications and limitations.

This study examines sustainability rankings in higher education (HE) through document analysis. Chosen for significance, these rankings were evaluated for regional participation, criteria and the top 20 universities. The method involved scrutinising official ranking websites for diverse perspectives on sustainability. The results are classified into three categories: regional participation, assessment criteria and top universities in the latest iterations.

The findings show that sustainability rankings are widely spread, and their existence has led to an increased motivation for universities to further engage in efforts in the field of SD. This study offers suggestions for optimising the role of promoting SD principles and practices in HE.

This comprehensive assessment sheds light on rankings’ operations and success levels. It makes a significant contribution to the literature, providing an unprecedented overview of analysed rankings and on sustainability assessment and their impact. This analysis will be valuable for universities towards the integration of SD principles and practices into the HE environment.