Yunzhu Ji, Zhenhong Gu, Ronald Wennersten, Tong Zhang and Yixing Duan
The purpose of this paper we present a case study where the Swedish planning support system Citylab is applied to a Chinese case in Changzhou's Tianning District.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper we present a case study where the Swedish planning support system Citylab is applied to a Chinese case in Changzhou's Tianning District.
Design/methodology/approach
China's planning system is a vertical system based on policy development on the national level, policies which are to be implemented on local level. There is a gap between the ambitious central policies and the implementations on local levels. China is now exporting its planning model to other developing countries which makes it urgent to show examples of other strategies including more horizontal planning involving the public. The planning system in Sweden is based on a much more horizontal process. Therefore, the authors try to learn from Sweden's vertical planning system in the urban development environment of China.
Findings
A key message for policy makers in China is that systems like Citylab can play an important role in developing practical and scalable examples of more sustainable city districts. The paper concludes that a barrier for local sustainability planning in China is still lack of effective communication between local actors including the public.
Originality/value
The authors exemplified Changzhou Tianning District's practical exploration, thus proving the adapted Citylab method's practical operability. Based on the common problems faced by eco-city development in developing countries, the method framework of Citylab is applicable to other developing countries, with strong room for deduction and development.
Details
Keywords
Yixing Ding, Yanmin Jia, Jiangyue Li, Huiming Li and Xiaobo Zhang
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of stud height, stud diameter, ultimate stress of stud and concrete strength on the static behaviour of studs in push-off…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of stud height, stud diameter, ultimate stress of stud and concrete strength on the static behaviour of studs in push-off tests based on the ductile fracture theory.
Design/methodology/approach
Push-off tests of headed stud shear connectors with different heights and diameters used in concrete of various strengths were designed and implemented. A finite element model was established based on a ductile fracture criterion of ML15 cold-heading steel with stress triaxiality and Lode angle parameter. Based on the results of the parametric study of the numerical model, equations were proposed to evaluate the effect of stud height hs, stud area As, concrete strength fc and stud ultimate strength fsu used in concrete of various strengths on the static behaviour of studs.
Findings
The typical failure phenomenon observed among the test specimens was the fracture of the shank of studs. The microscopic images of the stud fracture surfaces and the verified finite element model indicate that the studs were fractured as a result of the combined action of tension and shear.
Originality/value
A new method for calculating ultimate load Pu and ultimate slip Su is proposed in this paper. In the method, Pu is linearly related to fsu0.2143, As0.7790, hs0.0974, fc0.2065. Su is linearly related to fsu1.078, As0.4681, hs(−0.3135), fc(−0.3480).