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This paper examines pre- and post-production water treatment practices among food processors and investigates factors, especially managerial perceptions of environmental pressure that encourage or preclude either process.

To consider potential spillover effects across two water-treatment practices, the bivariate probit model based on random utility theory is used to investigate how practices are influenced by managerial perceptions of environmental pressure and measured by manager perceptions on water costs, water availability, water safety and quality.

Results indicate that firms with a managerial perception that water costs are low are less likely to conduct both pre- and post-production water treatment practices, while the perception of high water quality has a negative effect on water treatment prior to use. This study also confirms the positive correlation of the pre- and post-water treatment practices among food processors. Practices also change with firm features including production scope, scale, target market and expected future sales growth.

This study provides unique insights about water treatment practices and generates knowledge to enhance food safety and environmental sanitation in the food industry. Results are helpful to design and provide additional training and educational programs that target the enhancement of environmental and water quality awareness among food company managers and modify food safety policy instruments and environmental regulations pertaining to surface water resources.

Research exploring water-treatment practices in the food industry has been limited. Using a representative sample of food processors in the city of Shanghai, this study contributes to the literature on the examination of internal drivers of voluntary environmental management (VEM) with a focus on managerial perceptions of environmental pressure, establishes the correlation between pre- and post-production water treatment practices and identifies and quantifies the effects of relevant factors.

Pesticide overuse has caused a series of negative impacts on environment and human health. The purpose of this paper is to examine the farmers’ behavior of pesticide overuse and to identify the underlying determinants, based on the survey data from Shandong Province, China.

A two-stage semiparametric approach and the binary probit model were employed in this study to analyze the marginal pesticide productivity and investigate the determinants of the pesticide overuse.

Results suggest that the marginal pesticide productivity is negative, indicating a serious overuse of pesticides in the surveyed area. Both market factors and government regulation have impacts on farmers’ use of pesticides.

This study estimates marginal pesticide productivity with an innovative methodology, and explores the role of market factors and government regulation in regulating farmers’ behavior of pesticide use, especially in a typical vegetable growing area and targeting a specific type of vegetable.

Given the increasing number of tourists exposed to commercially available cannabis, it is important to understand visitors' perceived constraints to cannabis consumption while travelling. This study aims to compare cannabis tourists' perceived constraints between first-time and repeat tourists to gain comprehensive understanding.

This study involved 32 conversational field interviews (5–10 min) with Chinese tourists who had smoked cannabis in coffee shops in Amsterdam to identify perceived constraints to engaging in cannabis tourism. The hierarchical constraint model (HCM) informed qualitative data coding using a deductive approach to compare first-time and repeat tourists. Content analysis was conducted manually.

Results showed that both tourist groups faced intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural perceived constraints to cannabis consumption. Differences in first-time and repeat cannabis tourists' perceived constraints were explained using the neutralization technique framework and psychological tactics, such as the defence of necessity, claims of entitlement, normal practice and claims of relative acceptability. In addition, social exchange theory was employed to explain why repeat cannabis tourists perceived fewer constraints than first-time tourists.

Although the current study did not intend to address the importance of cannabis tourism in places where cannabis is commercially available, findings offer empirical guidance for industry practitioners and policymakers regarding cannabis use education, prevention and policy in tourism contexts; related efforts can promote the sustainable development of this tourism market while protecting cannabis tourists' physical and psychological well-being.

This study makes important theoretical contributions regarding travel constraints in the unique context of cannabis tourism between first-time and repeat tourists. Findings will also enable academics, industry operators, policymakers and local residents of cannabis tourism destinations to better understand how these tourists decide whether to consume cannabis overseas. Differences in these perceived constraints between first-time and repeat tourists are discussed to highlight the dynamic nature of travel constraints.

The sustainable success of infrastructures is becoming a driving force for advancing urbanization globally. However, to achieve infrastructure sustainable success (ISS), how project management practices (PMPs) play their role remains unexplored in current literature. To this end, an empirical study on whether PMPs play significant impacts on the accomplishment of ISS was conducted.

This research is based on an empirical survey of domestic and overseas infrastructure projects managed by Chinese companies. 162 data samples were collected and further analyzed deploying structural equation modeling (SEM) on the basis of goal-setting theory. PMP factors derived from the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) ideology, i.e. culture, strategy, implementation and reflection were hypothesized and validated to have direct and indirect relationships with ISS.

The results of this study indicate that both culture and reflection can directly drive the PMPs toward ISS. Furthermore, it is revealed that by affecting mediator factors of strategy, implementation and reflection, culture is found to present an indirect influence on ISS; by affecting mediator factors of implementation and reflection, Strategy is found to present an indirect influence on ISS and by affecting the mediator factor of reflection, implementation is found to present an indirect influence on ISS.

These findings contribute to the body of knowledge in measuring sustainability success of project management performances by clarifying critical relationships of how PMPs lead to ISS. Prospectively, the outputs of this research will generate informative insights for practitioners to improve their PMPs in the process of pursuing ISS in future infrastructure management practices.

This study aims to define the concept of slow tourism, describe tourists’ slow food experiences and examine the relationship between the tourists’ slow food experience and their quality of life (QOL).

An online survey distributed through the Amazon MTurk platform yields 453 valid questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis and structure equational modeling are used to analyze the data.

The results reveal that authenticity and slowness significantly affect tourists’ slow food experience, while environmental consciousness does not influence tourists’ slow food experiences. Further, the slow food experience elicits a positive impact on the tourists’ QOL.

This study contributes to delineating the scope of slow food experiences, which remains unexplored in previous studies and gives further insight into how they impact life quality. This paper expands the body of knowledge by establishing three factors influencing slow food experiences and further provides valuable advice for tourism marketers at slow destinations.

本研究旨在定义慢活旅游的概念、描述游客的慢食体验以及探讨游客慢食体验与生活品质之间的关系

本研究采用线上调查于亚马逊MTurk平台发放问卷, 共回收453份有效问卷, 本研究采用验证性因素分析及结构方程式模型分析数据

本研究发现『真实性』和『放慢步调』会显著影响游客的慢食体验, 但『环境意识』并不会影响游客的慢食体验。此外, 慢食体验对游客的生活品质有正向的影响。

本研究贡献为描述慢食体验的范畴, 且深入探讨慢食体验如何影响生活品质, 以上都是在先前的研究中未被探讨的。本研究延伸和建立三个影响慢食体验的因素, 且提供慢活旅游目的地行销者珍贵的意见

Este estudio tiene como objetivo definir el concepto de turismo lento (slow), describir las experiencias de “slow food” (“comida lenta”) de los turistas y examinar la relación entre la experiencia de comida lenta de los turistas y su calidad de vida.

Encuesta online distribuida a través de la plataforma Amazon MTurk con 453 cuestionarios válidos. Se ha utilizado el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio y los Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales para el análisis de los datos.

Los resultados revelan que la “autenticidad” y “lentitud” afectan significativamente a la experiencia de la comida lenta en los turistas, mientras que la conciencia ambiental no influye en las experiencias de comida lenta de estos. Además, la experiencia de comida lenta genera un impacto positivo en la calidad de vida de los turistas.

Este estudio contribuye al diseño sobre el alcance de las experiencias de comida lenta, no exploradas en estudios previos y a una mayor comprensión de cómo afectan a la calidad de vida. Este trabajo amplía el conjunto de conocimientos, al establecer tres factores que influyen en las experiencias de comida lenta y ofrece valiosas reflexiones para los especialistas de marketing turístico en destinos lentos.

This study explores the disposition behaviour of late adolescents towards unfinished food. Specifically, this paper identifies and discusses the manner (the how's) and the reasons (the why's) of food disposition.

This study adopted a taxonomy of decisions pertaining to consumer disposition processes. A generic qualitative approach based on personal interviews and focus group discussions was used to collect data from late adolescents. Data was subsequently analysed using content and thematic analyses.

The findings revealed five manners (the how's) of food disposition among late adolescents, namely keeping it for original purposes, leaving it for other people to dispose of, converting it for another purpose, trying to finish it and getting rid of it permanently. Additionally, there are three reasons (the why's) for food disposition among late adolescents, namely food-related factors, socio-cultural factors and personal factors.

Food waste has continually impacted food production, supply and consumption in a profound way. Responsible food disposition behaviour among individuals has become essential to improve food sustainability. Proper food disposition requires a behavioural change among individuals, including late adolescents, who are growing into adulthood. This study contributes to the body of knowledge of food systems by identifying how and why food is disposed of among late adolescents during their formative years. The findings can be utilised to raise awareness of food disposition behaviour and design food responsibility initiatives.

Two corrosion inhibitors for closed cooling water systems, nitrite-based and mixture of nitrite and molybdate corrosion inhibitor, are often compared to each other. This study aims to optimize these two inhibitors in terms of concentration and pH for carbon steel protection, with insights into the double layer structure on surface and its impact on corrosion inhibition.

Electrochemical analysis including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic test are carried out for quick assessment of corrosion inhibition efficiency and optimization, which is confirmed by immersion test and microscopic analysis. The electronic properties of the surface film are analyzed through Mott–Schottky method which provides new insights into the inhibition mechanism and the role of each component in mixture inhibitor.

Mixture of nitrite and molybdate is shown to present higher inhibition efficiency, owning to the double layer structure. Nitrite alone can form a protective surface film, whereas molybdate leads to an n-type semiconductive film with lower donor density, hence giving rise to a better inhibition effect.

Surface after inhibitor treatment has been carefully characterized to the microscopic scale, implying the effect of micro-structure, chemical composition and electronic properties on the corrosion resistance. Inorganic corrosion inhibitors can be tuned to provide higher efficiency by careful design of surface film structure and composition.

Almost every study on corrosion inhibitor applies such method for quick assessment of corrosion inhibition effect. Mott–Schottky test is one of electrochemical methods that reveals the electronic properties of the surface film. Previous works have studied the surface layer mainly through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This study provides another insight into the surface film treated by nitrite and molybdate through Mott–Schottky analysis, and relates this structure to the corrosion inhibition effect based on multiple analysis including electrochemistry, microscopic characterization, thermodynamics and interface chemistry.

Given the intense competition in the hotel industry, this study investigates the effect of overwork (OW) and overtime (OT) on turnover intention (TI) as well as the moderating effect of incentives in the context of non-luxury hotels in an emerging market.

Using a purposive sampling technique, a total of 271 front-line employees who are currently working in non-luxury hotels in Sarawak responded to the study. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to perform latent variable and moderation analyses.

The findings show that both OW and OT have a direct impact on TI. Contrary to the past studies, incentives do not exert any moderating effect on the relationship between OW, OT and TI among the employees working at non-luxury hotels.

This is one of the first studies to explore the effect of incentives between OW and working OT on TI in the context of the non-luxury hotels in an emerging market and show why incentives might not work. It further advances the understanding of the JD-R theory, demonstrating the necessity for organizations to provide matching resources to address job strains.