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A control‐volume based method for the numerical calculation of axisymmetric incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer is presented. The proposed method extends the staggered grid approach to unstructured triangular meshes. The velocities are stored at the vertices and the edges of a triangle, pressure and temperature are stored at the vertices. Accordingly, velocities are interpolated in a quadratic way, pressure and temperature linearly. The accuracy of the proposed method is examined for a number of different testproblems. Compared to a linear interpolation scheme implemented in the same code, more accurate solutions and smaller computation times are obtained for the proposed quadratic scheme. The method was designed for and is about to be applied to the numerical simulation of crystal growth.

The purpose of this paper is to conduct an analysis of the relationships existing among three basic constructs in the visitor’s decision-making process (motivation and satisfaction) in a tourist destination that is a World Heritage Site, such as the city of Cordoba (Spain). Bearing in mind the perception of heritage by the foreign visitors, the following four types were determined: alternative tourists, cultural tourists, emotional tourists and heritage tourists.

This paper uses the multivariate technique of grouping cases (K-means clusters) to analyse the similarity existing among the surveyed persons. From the groups or segments obtained, statistics and measurements of association were applied that provide the information necessary to study the possible trends of association existing between variables from a table of bidimensional contingencies. In the same way, non-parametric statistical procedures were used (Kruskal–Wallis H test and the Mann–Whitney U test).

The results show the existence of four diverse motivational dimensions among the foreign tourists to visit it: hedonic, cultural, convenience and circumstantial. Of the four dimensions, the hedonic and the cultural are the most relevant. The results show the existence of a common cultural identity: the Arabic cultural identity.

This paper contributes to complete the academic literature existing on the links of the tourist with the historical and monumental heritage that he visits, and with the tourist’s behaviour.

The emergence of social media as a corporate disclosure channel has caused significant changes in the production and dissemination of corporate information. This review identifies important themes in recent research on the impact of social media on the corporate information environment and provides suggestions for further explorations of this new but fast-growing area of research. Specifically, we first review the evolution of Internet-based corporate disclosure and related regulations, and then focus on three recent streams of research: 1) companies’ use of social media; 2) information produced by non-corporate users and its impact on capital markets; and 3) the credibility of corporate information on social media platforms.

A falling ball viscometer is available from Reichert‐Jung Ltd., 820 Yeovil Road, Slough SL1 4JB, for use when fast, accurate, determinations of viscosity are required.

This study consolidates insights on the role of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) in tourism engagement (TE). In addition, it suggests new directions for research in tourism and hospitality.

A hybrid integrative review was used with bibliometric and theory-context-characteristics-method framework analyses of 236 peer-reviewed journal articles.

Computer science journals dominate TE in VR/AR research. Emotional and immersive attributes of VR/AR sustain TE. Exploring cultural theories can enrich TE perspectives in the context of VR/AR. This study offers fruitful directions by exploring virtual technology’s role in sustaining cultural heritage and studying TE intentions and perceptions on VR/AR tourism mobile applications.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that uncovers the structure and intellectual rationale of existent research.

本研究整合了关于虚拟现实（VR）和增强现实（AR）在旅游参与（TE）中的作用的见解。此外, 本研究为旅游和酒店业的研究提供了新的方向。

本研究使用文献计量学和理论-背景-特征-方法（TCCM）框架分析, 采用混合综合审查方法, 分析了236篇同行评审的期刊文章

计算机科学期刊在VR/AR研究中主导了TE领域。VR/AR的情感和沉浸属性支持了TE。在VR/AR的背景下, 探索文化理论可以丰富TE的视角。本研究通过探讨虚拟技术在保护文化遗产方面的作用, 以及研究VR/AR旅游移动应用中的TE意图和感知, 提供了有益的研究方向。

这是第一项揭示现有研究结构和知识理论基础的研究。

Emerging event-driven applications such as the internet-of-things requires an ultra-low power operation to prolong battery life. Shutting down non-functional block during standby mode is an efficient way to save power. However, it results in a loss of system state, and a considerable amount of energy is required to restore the system state. Conventional state retentive flip-flops have an “Always ON” circuitry, which results in large leakage power consumption, especially during long standby periods. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the emerging non-volatile memory element spin transfer torque-magnetic tunnel junction (STT-MTJ) as one the prospective candidate to obtain a low-power solution to state retention.

The conventional D flip-flop is modified by using STT-MTJ to incorporate non-volatility in slave latch. Two novel designs are proposed in this paper, which can store the data of a flip-flip into the MTJs before power off and restores after power on to resume the operation from pre-standby state.

A comparison of the proposed design with the conventional state retentive flip-flop shows 100 per cent reduction in leakage power during standby mode with 66-69 per cent active power and 55-64 per cent delay overhead. Also, a comparison with existing MTJ-based non-volatile flip-flop shows a reduction in energy consumption and area overhead. Furthermore, use of a fully depleted-silicon on insulator and fin field-effect transistor substituting a complementary metal oxide semiconductor results in 70-80 per cent reduction in the total power consumption.

Two novel state-retentive D flip-flops using STT-MTJ are proposed in this paper, which aims to obtain zero leakage power during standby mode.

This article presents four basic innovation leadership styles: charismatic, instrumental, strategic and interactive innovation leadership. The leadership styles and their characteristsics relate to process and product innovations in construction projects. A theoretical framework – which synthesizes these relations – enables explorative research into the effects of leadership on organizational innovativeness. Four case studies, observing the same manager in four comparable projects, explore the effects of each leadership style on a construction project’s innovativeness in ecological terms. On an analytical level the case study explorations indicate that a manager’s consistent performance of a leadership style stimulates the project’s ecological innovativeness when the manager also injects the project with ecological information, knowledge and competence. It also indicates that a manager’s consistent performance of a leadership style, without an injection of information, knowledge and competence in the project, does not stimulate the project’s ecological innovativeness.

This paper examines the value relevance of operating cash flows in consideration of potential weaknesses in earnings quality in the context of a merger. When two firms merge, the earnings stream is altered reflecting the new entity that is created thus, making the prediction of future earnings challenging due to weaknesses in the quality of earnings. The quality of generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP) earnings, has recently been questioned by investors, analysts, and regulators. The difficulty with merged firm earnings has been exacerbated because, prior to June 2001, generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) allowed firms to account for a merger using either the purchase or the pooling method of accounting. While the pooling method has been eliminated, this paper hypothesizes that difficulties arising from the purchase method of accounting will still exist and will continue to reduce the role of earnings in explaining security returns, and, consequently, the value‐relevance of operating cash flows is expected to increase as investors search for additional means to explain security returns. This paper finds that in the year of the merger, operating cash flows provide valuerelevant information beyond earnings. This finding supports the hypothesis that the quality of earnings in the year of the merger is difficult to interpret, and given this weakness, cash flows can aid in the explanation of abnormal security returns. Additional analyses indicate that the value‐relevance of operating cash flows is positively associated with the purchase method of recording the merger. This result is consistent with operating cash flows assuming a more important role in firm valuation when the difficulties in estimating the merged firm’s earnings are more severe. These findings also suggest that earning’s quality is more value relevant in a non‐merger year than in a merger year.

The study aims to advance understanding of the intention of Augmented Reality (AR) technology adoption by conducting a systematic review of relevant literature articles in the hospitality sector where 93 articles were chosen and synthesized by generating a theme and proposing a conceptual framework with their research proposals.

A systematic literature review (SLR) has been conducted incorporating thematic analysis to investigate various determinants from selected articles and to identify the key themes in order to propose a conceptual framework and research proposal.

The findings reveal seven major themes in its research proposal for future research directions. This includes “Technology Engagement”, “Resilience”, “Knowledge is key”, “Readiness for changes”, “Uncertainty management”, “Environmental conditions” and “Business performance”.

The novel contribution of this study is that it focuses on both theoretical and practical knowledge. On the theoretical level, this study comprises factors that apply relevant theory in the areas of information technology and business management, whose integrative theoretical orientation provided insight into the AR adoption initiatives and to further examine the relationship between its proposed factors. On the practical level, it provides insights and information with a new body of knowledge that business owner–managers, policymakers and practitioners should consider in order to craft a strategic adoption of AR technology.

The main streams of the supply chain are defined as material, information and financial flow. There have been many studies and practical cases regarding the flow of material and information including information sharing. However, financial flow related studies have not been widely examined relatively, compared with their importance.

The information sharing is recognized as the method that can reduce the Bullwhip effect in supply chain management. The author intends to analyze the impact of financial information sharing on the results of the supply chain.

In the point of supply chain risk management view, the author examined the impact of financial flow among the various factors that can impede the stability of the supply chain.

In this study, the author embodied the simulation regarding the impact of financial information flow on supply chain performance and stability based on the system dynamics methodology and analyzed the performance.

Assuming the supply chain, composed of supplying company, manufacturing company and sales company , the author embodied the simulation model and assumed that working capital and cash information sharing were achieved. The author embodied the model to affect the settlement conditions according to the results of financial information sharing.