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This work aims to estimate the unknown surface temperature distribution on the boundary of a heat conducting solid body from temperature measurements taken from another boundary where convective boundary condition is also known. A steady inverse heat conduction problem is described for an arbitrary three‐dimensional body. A gradient‐based inverse method combined with B‐spline function specification is employed to solve the inverse problem. The validity of the proposed method is verified with computational results.

This editorial establishes the broader context for debating how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the global supply chains, logistics, and transportation networks in the world. The COVID-19 pandemic is an unknown-unknown risk whereby the probability of its occurrence and the possible consequences of a risk event cannot be foreseen. Furthermore, the characteristics of COVID-19 differentiate it from previous disasters in terms of the geographic scope of the impact, and the supply- and demand-side impacts, and are making relevant research challenging. In this special issue, the interwoven relationships between the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges facing global supply chains, logistics, and transportation are discussed, along with a literature review. Selected papers on air transportation networks, emergency logistics, and digital trade are theoretically and empirically probed.

This study explores the characteristics of high-speed rail (HSR) and air transportation networks in China based on the weighted complex network approach. Previous related studies have largely implemented unweighted (binary) network analysis, or have constructed a weighted network, limited by unweighted centrality measures. This study applies weighted centrality measures (mean association [MA], triangle betweenness centrality [TBC], and weighted harmonic centrality [WHC]) to represent traffic dynamics in HSR and air transportation weighted networks, where nodes represent cities and links represent passenger traffic. The spatial distribution of centrality results is visualized by using ArcGIS 10.2. Moreover, we analyze the network robustness of HSR, air transportation, and multimodal networks by measuring weighted efficiency (WE) subjected to the highest weighted centrality node attacks. In the HSR network, centrality results show that cities with a higher MA are concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta; cities with a higher TBC are mostly provincial capitals or regional centers; and cities with a higher WHC are grouped in eastern and central regions. Furthermore, spatial differentiation of centrality results is found between HSR and air transportation networks. There is a little bit of difference in eastern cities; cities in the central region have complementary roles in HSR and air transportation networks, but air transport is still dominant in western cities. The robustness analysis results show that the multimodal network, which includes both airports and high-speed rail stations, has the best connectivity and shows robustness.

This article explores whether transformational leadership (TFL) influences individuals' extra-role behaviors, specifically helping and innovative behaviors. More importantly, it focuses on whether TFL's influence on employees' helping and innovative behaviors is contingent upon two subdimensions of organizational justice (OJ): distributive justice (DJ) and procedural justice (PJ).

The authors relied on the 2017 Korean Public Employee Viewpoint Survey conducted by the Korea Institute of Public Administration (KIPA), which is based on stratified, two-stage cluster sampling. Because the dependent variables for the empirical models were summed averages, the authors used OLS as a statistical method. The regression was performed using Stata 14.

The results revealed that TFL was positively associated with both helping and innovative behaviors. When moderated by DJ, TFL has a positive impact only on helping behavior. However, when moderated by PJ, TFL has a positive influence on both behaviors.

TFL was measured using four items. While the measure reflects four dimensions of TFL, its construct validity may be subject to criticism. Relying on a one-year cross-sectional dataset means that this study's findings might not be fully generalizable to all public sector environments across different cultures.

This article's findings on how TFL is contextualized under different OJ contexts will help advance understanding of how it works in contemporary public organizations.

Despite the importance of OJ as a vital heuristic that reshapes employees' perceptions of their organizations, few studies have focused on how it can moderate the relationship between TFL and employees' extra-role behaviors. By investigating such moderating effects, this study advances the scholarly understanding of boundary conditions that affect TFL and its effectiveness in organizational settings. It utilizes a South Korean survey, which brings an international perspective to this understanding.

Financial inclusion can be proxied by banking status. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential effects of financial capability on the financial fragility of US adults with various banking statuses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study utilized the 2021 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS) dataset to investigate the relationship between financial capability and financial fragility among consumers with different banking statuses. The analysis controlled for employment shocks, health shocks and other consumer characteristics. Banking statuses included fully banked, under-banked (utilizing both banking and alternative financial services) and unbanked individuals. Logistic regression analyses were conducted on both the entire sample and subsamples based on banking statuses.

The results showed that financial capability was negatively associated with financial fragility. The magnitude of the potential negative effect of financial capability was the greatest among the fully banked group, followed by the underbanked and unbanked groups. Respondents who were underbanked or unbanked were more likely to experience financial fragility than those who were fully banked. Additionally, respondents who were laid off or furloughed during the pandemic were more likely to experience financial fragility than those without employment shocks. The effect size of financial capability factors was greater than that of COVID-19 shock factors. These results suggest that higher levels of both financial capability and financial inclusion may be effective in reducing the risk of financial fragility.

This study represents one of the first attempts to examine the potential effects of financial capability on financial fragility among consumers with various banking statuses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this study offers new evidence to determine whether COVID-19 shocks, as measured by health and employment status, are associated with financial fragility. Additionally, the effect size of financial capability factors is greater than that of COVID-19 shock factors. The results from the 2021 NFCS dataset provide valuable insights for banking professionals and public policymakers on how to enhance consumer financial wellbeing.

The well-being of individuals is an essential issue of sustainability research. This study aims to focus on the particular case of teleworkers and the work conditions which may hinder their well-being. More specifically, this study analyses the impact of social isolation and work overload on the work engagement and life satisfaction of teleworkers during COVID-19 pandemic.

With a sample of 188 workers from the Portuguese banking sector, the authors use structural equations modelling to test a conceptual model. The authors carry out data analysis with partial least squares.

Social isolation and work overload are both negatively associated with the three dimensions of work engagement, namely, vigour, absorption and dedication. In turn, vigour is positively associated with life satisfaction. Social isolation and work overload are indirectly associated with life satisfaction through vigour. Results from multi-group analysis show that the negative relationship between social isolation and dedication is stronger for less senior teleworkers. By contrast, the negative relationship between work overload and dedication is stronger for more senior teleworkers. Additionally, the positive relationship between vigour and life satisfaction is stronger for permanent workers than for temporary ones.

This study tests the assumptions of the job demands-resources under the novel conditions of telework during COVID-19, focusing its ubiquitous conditions – social isolation and work overload. For human resources managers, this study highlights the need to take seniority and job stability in consideration when devising onboarding and working arrangement strategies for teleworkers.

The purpose of this paper is to design a robust control scheme to achieve robust tracking of velocity and altitude commands for a general hypersonic vehicle (HSV) in the presence of parameter variations and external disturbances.

The robust control scheme is composed of nonsingular terminal sliding mode control (NTSMC), super twisting control algorithm (STC) and recurrent neural network (RNN). First, by combing a novel NTSMC and STC algorithm, a second order NTSMC approach for HSV is proposed to provide fast, continuous and high precision tracking control. Second to relax the requirements for the bounds of the lumped uncertainties in control design, a RNN disturbance observer is presented to increase the robustness of the control system. The weights of RNN are updated by adaptive laws based on Lyapunov theorem, thus the closed‐loop stability can be guaranteed.

Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective, leading to promising performance.

The main contributions of this work are: first, both parameter variations and external disturbances are considered in control design for the longitudinal dynamic model of HSV; and second, the proposed controller can remove chattering and achieve more favorable tracking performances than conventional sliding mode control.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between sense of calling and career satisfaction of hotel frontline employees and to analyze the mediation role of knowledge sharing with organizational members given the rapidly growing academic interest in the meaning of work.

Based on a survey of 357 frontline employees in 12 super-deluxe hotels in Korea, this study performed confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling analysis to test the hypothesis of causal relationships in the research model.

Drawing on self-determination theory (SDT), this study shows that sense of calling has a positive and significant effect on the career satisfaction of hotel frontline employees and that the relationship was mediated by active participation in knowledge sharing with supervisors and coworkers.

The research result highlights the significance of service providers’ calling orientation on career satisfaction and their pursuit of skills and knowledge for higher personal development and performance to achieve career success.

Based on SDT, this study deepens our understanding on the process of how calling orientation leads to career satisfaction and knowledge sharing behavior in organizations.

The maritime freight transportation industry has played an important role in the Korean economy. The Korean maritime freight transportation industry is faced with a period of transforming it competitively and efficiently in this global age. This paper, therefore, aims to identify the impact of the maritime freight transportation industry in the Korean national economy. Hence, this paper provides policy-makers with accessible and reliable information regarding the role of the Korean maritime freight transportation industry. This study employs input-output (I-O) analysis to examine the role of the maritime freight transportation industry in the national economy for the period 1995-2003, with specific application to Korea. This study pays particular attention to the maritime freight transportation industry by taking the industry as exogenous variable and then investigates its economic impacts. We identify inter-industry linkage effects in 20 sectors, production-inducing effects, added value-inducing effects, and supply-shortage effects of the maritime freight transportation industry.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of work engagement on the relationship between learning organization and innovative behavior.

This study used surveys as a data collection tool and implemented structural equation modeling for empirically testing the proposed research model.

The study found that learning organization culture makes a direct and indirect impact on employees' innovative work behaviors. Results from hierarchical multiple regressions and structural equation modeling supported that work engagement fully mediates the relationship between the learning organization and innovative work behaviors.

HRD practitioners can develop effective interventions to enhance their employees' innovative behavior by devoting efforts to create a workplace that promotes collaborative learning culture and work engagement.

This study is valuable to HRD specialists interested in developing effective interventions that encourage employees to engage in innovative behavior.