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The purpose of this study of this methodological abstraction is erected the nature of the well-being function as evaluative criterion. The well-being function (maslaha) evaluates the interrelationships between long-run investment (real sector), the corresponding financial instruments (financial sector) and the embedded socioeconomic variables and ethical values conveyed by extensive complementarities and participation in a systemic approach of unity of knowledge. Among the financing variables to be selected will be the transformation of debt-instruments into equity instruments. All financial instruments are to be transformed into a holistic participatory pooled portfolio.

The paper establishes the point that, the idea of long-run is appropriately that of a juncture of Islamic change during which the objective of well-being (maslaha) is evaluated (estimation leading to simulation) with long-run investment and Islamic financing instruments on the basis of the Islamic methodological worldview. This methodological worldview is premised on the ontological foundation of the episteme of organic unity of knowledge and the resulting world-system. The Qur’an refers to this foundation of knowledge as Tawhid. Tawhid is used in this paper to mean the Primal Ontological Law of Unity of Knowledge.

The most critical long-run investment program focused on is poverty alleviation and its equity-based financing instruments that reduce debt progressively to attain sustainable grassroots development with the ability to own, and the social capability to distribute resources and enable the grassroots. The corresponding interaction, integration and evolutionary dynamics of learning that emanate from the interrelationship of poverty alleviation as the focus of long-run investments and their attenuating financing instruments, along with the implications of inter-causal socioeconomic variables and the embedded episteme of unity of knowledge in the well-being function (maslaha). This paper is thus an abstracto-empirical contribution to the literature of Islamic finance, long-run investment and socioeconomic development with global significance.

The choice of long-run investment for poverty alleviation and the corresponding Islamic financing instruments are summarized by the following Tawhidi epistemic schema (an extractive picture). Upon this epistemic methodological worldview, the entire structure of well-being and sustainability of socioeconomic development lies.

The paper brings out many of the properties that ought to be the truly moral/ethical and thereby the conformable analytical nature of the model of financing and investment in a combination of short-, medium- and long-term mobilization of resources to attain levels of social well-being as the objective criterion. Empirical work is done to bring the objective criterion to an applied level and to critically examine the work in the same field being carried out by many other ones, including authors and institutions. The empirical work done here can be widely extended to the case of estimating of the maslaha function (well-being).

This paper carries an essentially moral and social perspective in its methodological orientation that is derived from the Islamic epistemological foundations of unity of knowledge (Tawhid) and applied to Islamic finance and investment theory with the well-being objective criterion.

This is an original paper that combines methodological abstraction with applied financing and investment perspectives. Such an abstracto-empirical approach has not been done in Islamic research writings.

The object of this paper is to know what are the artificial radioactive nucliides in marine environment, where and what are the sources of their products, what are their effects to the health of marine and land populations. With this view in mind we shall discuss the large‐scale production of man‐made artificial nucliides that have been poured into the oceans since about the middle of the present century. The first significant release of radioactive nucliides to the marine environment began in late 1944 in USA with the discharge of effluent from her reactors at Hanford Atomic Plant to the North East Pacific Ocean via Columbia River. In the following year, July 1945, an atom bomb was tested successfully and the detonation of two more tests of atom bombs at Bikini Atoll (Pritchard et al, 1971; Seymour, 1971) introduced enough amount of radioactive nucliides into the North Equatorial Current System of the Pacific Ocean.

Aims to conceptualise a relational epistemology of development planning emanating from the episteme of oneness of Allah as the worldview of unity of knowledge and to make it empirically viable by combining statistical quantification and real‐time simulation in the spatial dimension.

These two estimation approaches and the empirical results are sequentially interconnected; showing how statistical results that are always static in nature can be dynamically represented by real‐time graphical simulation in spatial representation.

The policy implication underlying the normative issues interconnecting the statistical results and the spatial dimension real‐time simulation results by vivid simulation is pointed out.

The results are impressive for guiding policy in cases where there are negative partial elasticity coefficients between sectoral gross domestic product and total employment. The same model can be extended in much broader contexts of development planning in inter‐sectoral, national, regional, and global perspectives.

This paper aims to explore the poverty and vulnerability of poor urban communities living in Dhaka City's slums.

Poverty line definition often conceptualises poverty in terms of income, consumption and household resources which has been used for this study. Data have been collected from 500 respondents living in slums in three neighbourhoods of Dhaka City by using a structured questionnaire. In addition, qualitative data have been used to supplement the survey data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics are used for analysing data.

The paper argues that slum communities experience poverty and vulnerability in terms of income, consumption and asset which is most strongly influenced by location, pattern of habitat, gender, recent migration and household organisation.

The paper offers insights into poverty and vulnerability in urban Bangladesh.

Many organizations in the local community environment use and produce geo‐spatial data, so the need for integration of geo‐data is increasing rapidly. Different user groups have different views of the world and information is available in a heterogeneous format. This paper seeks to discuss the need for interoperability in local communities taking Chittagong city of Bangladesh as an example.

These communities use geo‐spatial data in their own format. This results in semantic conflicts, arising when there is a need for integration of the geo‐spatial data. Consequently, the interaction among the aforesaid organizations in terms of data is difficult to achieve and therefore, it is difficult to share the benefit of the recently evolving Information Technology. Taking the above viewpoint into account, this paper presents a framework to address such semantic data conflicts, considered as an issue of interoperability, using ontology.

This paper presented an ontology‐based architecture which can be used in resolving semantic conflicts, enabling the tackling of the interoperability issue, faced by the various local communities. The proposed architecture will reduce the computational time significantly because it does not require processing each query every timeResearch limitations/implications – The architecture presented needs to test with real data in the near future.

In order to share the geo‐data available in different formats, there is a need for developing a global community, consisting of an integrator, global schema and common ontology.

It has been shown that the architecture allows the sharing of geo‐data by resolving geo‐semantic conflicts of the local communities. This will in turn play an important role in addressing the interoperability problem, faced by these communities.

The paper's purpose is to present and empirically validate a learning model of participatory grassroots development among the poor and needy in Bangladesh.

The approach used is conceptual modeling and its empirical validation for a case study of poor women's sewing project in an interior village of Chittagong, Bangladesh.

A perpetual charity‐fund with endogenous values and productive transformation of the needy at the grassroots can prove to be an effective approach to socioeconomic development.

The empirical validation can be enhanced with more data being generated with experience in the women's sewing project in the near future.

This is a policy‐oriented paper with practical ways and means‐test for implementation in development planning.

A formal modeling of grassroots development premised on human resource development and perpetual charity‐fund for financing and their empirical validation is presented. Such an approach is not presently found in the hierarchical models of development planning. It should be included for making development meaningful as the grassroots. Particular reference is made here to Bangladesh development planning.

Ecological interrelationships are shown to be a vast web of knowledge‐induced interactions among variables that define physical environment in terms of the human environment as well. The understanding of such interrelationships is exemplified empirically by means of Bangladesh environmental problems involving coastal deforestation, siltation, floods, temperature variations, cyclones and tidal waves. Unless a balance is maintained among these conditions through appropriate planning, an ecological chaos is seen to be forthcoming for Bangladesh. Requisite policy recommendations are suggested from the empirical study based on a cybernetic approach. On the other hand, China provides a good example of how to transform entropic ecological conditions to reversible ones.

The purpose of this paper is to set out the role of banking in a binary and Islamic economy.

By comparison, the paper shows that the main requirements for such an economy, although superficially similar, differ from the realities of “free market” finance capitalism. The paper goes on to explain how, in a binary and Islamic economy, commercial banks would be the means by which interest‐free loans, coming from the central bank and ummah and directed at various forms of productive capacity, would be introduced.

There is no difficulty in using the banking system to introduce the binary and Islamic economy. However, a paradigm issue is involved.

The central bank‐issued interest‐free loans implemented through the commercial banking system loans serve the ends of both binary and Islamic economics in that they enhance the real economy and forward social and economic justice.

The paper shows how use of these loans is a new concept with a power to change the whole of the economy and society in a beneficial way.

Eddy currents are inevitable in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. These currents are mainly induced by gradient fields. This study aims to propose a fast analytical method to calculate eddy currents induced by frequently switching gradient fields in a traditional C-shape MRI system.

Fourier decomposition and magnetic vector potentials were used to calculate the eddy currents. Calculations with the proposed analytical method revealed the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of eddy currents.

Calculation and Maxwell simulation results were consistent. The agreement between calculation and simulation results indicates that increasingly sophisticated structures could be developed. The calculated results could guide the design of improved gradient coils.

Eddy currents induced by gradient current are decomposed into currents induced by each time-harmonic component, and then adding them together to obtain complete contribution of the eddy current. The analytical method was used to characterize the properties of symmetric and asymmetric eddy currents induced by gradient coils in MRI systems. The analytical method can be used to improve the gradient shield during the design of the gradient coil in the MRI system.