V.J. Hughes, J.G. Boulton, J.M. Coles, T.R. Empson and N.J. Kerry
A new type of hydrophone using optical technologies has distinct advantages over traditional types.
T. KUNDU, R.P. MATHUR and C.S. DESAI
A new hybrid method based on three‐dimensional finite element idealization in the near field and a semi‐analytic scheme using the principles of wave propagation in multilayered…
Abstract
A new hybrid method based on three‐dimensional finite element idealization in the near field and a semi‐analytic scheme using the principles of wave propagation in multilayered half space in the far field is proposed for the dynamic soil‐structure interaction analysis. The distinguishing feature of this technique from direct or indirect boundary integral techniques is that in boundary integral techniques a distribution of sources are considered at the near field boundary. Strengths of these sources are then adjusted to satisfy the continuity conditions across the near‐field/far‐field interface. In the proposed method unknown sources are placed not at the near field boundary but at the location of the structure. Then the Saint‐Venant's principle is utilized to justify that at a distant point the effect of the structure's vibration can be effectively modelled by an equivalent vibrating point force and vibrating moment at the structure's position. Thus the number of unknowns can be greatly reduced here. For soil‐structure interaction analysis by this method one needs to consider only three unknowns (two force components and one in‐plane moment) for a general two‐dimensional problem and six unknowns (three force components and three moment components) for a general three‐dimensional problem. When a vertically propagating elastic wave strikes a structure which is symmetric about two mutually perpendicular vertical planes the structure can only vibrate vertically for dilatational waves and horizontally for shear waves. Under this situation the number of unknowns is reduced to only one whereas in boundary integral and boundary element techniques the number of unknowns is dependent on the number of nodes at the near field boundary, which is generally much greater than six. Several example problems are solved in this paper using this technique for both flexible and rigid structures in multilayered soil media.
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Kristof van Assche, Vladislav Valentinov and Gert Verschraegen
The purpose of this paper is to deepen the understanding of adaptive governance, which is advocated for as a manner to deal with dramatic changes in society and/or environment. To…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to deepen the understanding of adaptive governance, which is advocated for as a manner to deal with dramatic changes in society and/or environment. To re-think the possible contributions of organizations and organization theory, to adaptive governance.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on social systems theory this study makes a distinction between “governance organizations” and “governance communities.” Organizations are conceptualized as the decision machines which organize and (co-)steer governance. Communities are seen as the social environments against which the governance system orients its operations. This study considers the adaptive mechanisms of organizations and reflect on the roles of organizations to enhance adaptive governance in communities and societies.
Findings
Diverse types of organizations can link or couple in different ways to communities in their social environment. Such links can enhance the coordinative capacity of the governance system and can also spur innovation to enable adaptation. Yet, linking with communities can also slow down responses to change and complexify the processes of deliberation in governance. Not all adaptive mechanisms available to organizations can be used in communicating with communities or can be institutionalized, but the continuous innovation in the field of organizations can inspire continuous testing of small-scale adaptive mechanisms at higher levels. Society can thus enhance its adaptive capacity by managing the role of organizations.
Originality/value
The harnessing of insights in organization theory and systems theory for improving understanding of adaptive governance. The finding that both experiment and coordination at societal level are needed, toward adaptive governance, and that organizations can contribute to both.
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Achir Jamwal, Sunil Kumar, Z. F. Bhat, Arvind Kumar and Simranjeet Kaur
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of green tea extract, fig and red pepper on the quality characteristics of chicken patties during refrigerated storage…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of green tea extract, fig and red pepper on the quality characteristics of chicken patties during refrigerated storage.
Design/methodology/approach
The study was designed to evaluate the effect of green tea extract, fig and red pepper on the storage quality parameters of chicken patties. The products were developed by incorporating optimum level of green tea extract (400 mg/kg), fig (4 per cent) and red pepper (10 per cent) separately and were aerobically packaged in low-density polyethylene pouches and assessed for various storage-quality parameters under refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) conditions for 21 days of storage. The products were evaluated for various physicochemical, microbiological and sensory parameters at regular intervals of 0, 7, 14 and 21 days.
Findings
A significant (p < 0.05) effect of green tea extract, fig and red pepper was observed on the pH and TBARS (mg malonaldehyde/kg) values of the chicken patties. A significant (p < 0.05) effect was also observed on the microbiological characteristics as the products incorporated with green tea extract, fig and red pepper showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower values for total plate count, psychrophillic count and yeast and mould count during the period of storage. Coliforms were not detected throughout the period of storage. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher scores were observed for various sensory parameters of the products incorporated with green tea extract, fig and red pepper.
Originality/value
Green tea extract (400 mg/kg), fig (4 per cent) and red pepper (10 per cent) successfully improved the oxidative stability and storage quality of the products during refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) storage and may be commercially exploited to improve the storage quality of muscle foods without adversely affecting the sensory quality of the products.
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Igor Tomasevic, Vladimir Tomovic, Predrag Ikonic, Jose Manuel Lorenzo Rodriguez, Francisco J. Barba, Ilija Djekic, Ivan Nastasijevic, Slavisa Stajic and Dusan Zivkovic
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability of the computer vision system (CVS) to evaluate the colour of poultry meat. The advantages of the CVS over traditional…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability of the computer vision system (CVS) to evaluate the colour of poultry meat. The advantages of the CVS over traditional methods were also explored.
Design/methodology/approach
The research was carried out on m. pectoralis major samples of three animals for each of the following four species: chicken, turkey, duck and goose. The total colour difference (ΔE) and the degree of difference of hue, chroma and lightness between the methods were calculated. In addition, a trained panel of 14 people was used to carry out three different similarity tests analysed using χ2 one sample test and one-way ANOVA. The correlation coefficient between CVS and colourimeter measures was evaluated using the Spearman rank correlation test.
Findings
The total colour difference (ΔE) between the methods employed was so large that the generated colour(s) could be considered more opposite than similar. The CVS-generated colour chips were more similar to the sample of the meat products visualised on the monitor compared to colourimeter-generated colour chips in all (100 per cent) individual trials performed. The use of the colourimeter for colour evaluation of lighter coloured poultry meat (chicken and turkey) was unrepresentative.
Practical implications
In this study, a CVS was developed to measure the colour of poultry meat as an alternative to conventional colourimeters.
Originality/value
The research has demonstrated that the use of a CVS should be considered a superior alternative to the traditional method for measuring colour of chicken, turkey, duck and goose meat.
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Manish Kumar Chatli, Pavan Kumar, Nitin Mehta, Akhilesh K Verma, Devendra Kumar and Om Prakash Malav
– The purpose of this study was to develop functional emu meat nuggets incorporated with finger millet flour (FMF) with high fibre content and improved oxidative stability.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop functional emu meat nuggets incorporated with finger millet flour (FMF) with high fibre content and improved oxidative stability.
Design/methodology/approach
FMF was incorporated at 4, 6 and 8 per cent levels with replacement of emu meat in nuggets formulation and on the basis of various physico-chemical, instrumental colour and sensory parameters, 6 per cent FMF was selected as optimum. The functional emu meat nuggets incorporated with optimum level of FMF as well as control were aerobically packaged in low density polyethylene (LDPE) bags and stored for 21 days at refrigeration (4 ± 1°C) and evaluated for oxidative stability, microbiological quality and sensory attributes at regular interval of 7 days.
Findings
The fat content showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease, whereas the crude fibre content increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increasing levels of incorporation. The sensory scores for all the attributes in 6 per cent FMF-incorporated product were higher than control. During entire storage studies, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), free fatty acid and peroxide value followed an increasing trend for control as well as treatment product; however, treatment showed a significantly (p < 0.05) lower value than control throughout the storage period. Standard plate count increased significantly (p < 0.05) for control and treatment product, but the counts were lower than the prescribed limits even on 21st day of storage.
Practical implications
The developed products will have functional value by increasing the calcium and dietary fibre content by utilizing the minor cereals. This will be highly beneficial to both the agriculture and meat industry.
Originality/value
The research findings demonstrated the use of FMF in the development of calcium- and fibre-enriched emu meat nuggets with improved oxidative stability.
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Sourab Dua, Z. F. Bhat and Sunil Kumar
The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of utilization of lemon peel extract as a natural antioxidant source in muscle foods. The products incorporated with lemon…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of utilization of lemon peel extract as a natural antioxidant source in muscle foods. The products incorporated with lemon peel extract were assessed for various oxidative stability and storage quality parameters.
Design/methodology/approach
The study was designed to evaluate the effect of lemon peel extract on the oxidative stability and storage quality of Tabak-Maz, a popular traditional meat product. The products were prepared and treated with different concentrations of lemon peel extract (0.5, 1, 1.5 per cent) and were aerobically packaged in low-density polyethylene pouches and assessed for lipid stability and storage quality parameters under refrigerated (4 ± 1°C) conditions.
Findings
Lemon peel extract showed a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the lipid stability of the products as the treated products exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) lower thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) (mg malonaldehyde/kg) and free fatty acid (FFA) (per cent oleic acid) values for the entire period of storage. A significant (p < 0.05) effect was also observed on the microbiological characteristics of the products, as lemon peel extract treated products showed significantly (p < 0.05) lower values for total plate count, psychrophillic count and yeast and mould count throughout the period of storage. Coliforms were not detected throughout the period of storage. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher scores were observed for various sensory parameters of the treated products.
Originality/value
Lemon peel extract successfully improved the oxidative stability and storage quality of Tabak-Maz during refrigerated (4 ± 10°C) storage and may be commercially exploited as a natural antioxidant source in muscle foods.
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Rebecca J. Reichard, Brendon Ellis, Kristine W. Powers, Dayna O. H. Walker and Kerry Priest
Challenging, novel, and educational experiences are critical contributors to effective leader and follower development, in part, because such developmental experiences enable…
Abstract
Challenging, novel, and educational experiences are critical contributors to effective leader and follower development, in part, because such developmental experiences enable people to reconceptualize their perceptions about the traits and characteristics of effective leaders, or their implicit leadership theory (ILT). To understand how ILTs develop throughout developmental experiences, we examine the ILTs of 276 undergraduate students at the beginning and end of their first year of college. Using an open-ended ILT response format, a unique ILT trait of integrity emerged along with the dominant ILT traits of sensitivity, charisma, and dedication identified in previous literature. Overcoming limitations of the factor-based ILT approach, we investigate the development of ILT constellations, allowing a holistic picture of ILTs and how they throughout a developmental experience. Based on cluster analyses, four constellations of ILT themes emerged. Participants shifted to different ILT constellations after a year in college, moving from a non-descript, varied constellation toward constellations with clearly defined, dominant themes. Exploratory analysis revealed that completion of leadership coursework partially explains the shift towards more descript ILT constellations. Results have implications for new methods of future research using the ILTs constellation perspective and the practice of undergraduate leadership education in facilitating leader development among college students.
Corey Seemiller and Kerry L. Priest
A great deal of literature exists for leadership educators related to programs design, delivery, and student learning. However, little is known about leadership educators, who…
Abstract
A great deal of literature exists for leadership educators related to programs design, delivery, and student learning. However, little is known about leadership educators, who have largely been left out of contemporary leadership education research. We looked to teaching and teacher education literature to derive a model for leadership educator professional identity development. The four spaces of identity development are exploration, experimentation, validation, and confirmation. We propose that an individual can move forward and backwards through the model as a result of both ongoing influences and positive or negative critical incidents. We discuss implications for professional development and future research.
Reports that have reached us of the installation of Sir Philip R. Morris as President of the Library Association on January 28th assure us of the contribution he may make to the…
Abstract
Reports that have reached us of the installation of Sir Philip R. Morris as President of the Library Association on January 28th assure us of the contribution he may make to the Association. As the retiring President, Mr. Oldman said, and as we know, his main interest has always been education and, as the Association has many projects in that field and some problems yet unsolved, he welcomed Sir Philip especially in that direction; but our new President has much experience of libraries in spite of his disclaimer of qualifications in our direction. He is a Carnegie Trustee and, unofficially, he connects us again with the body to which our profession owes so much and, as for lack of experience, one who has been Director of Education for Kent and therefore the ultimate official chief of the great County Library system there, cannot lack it. From what we hear of this speech—which we hope will be published in its complete but all too short length in the L.A. Record—we look ahead with confident pleasure to the Address he will give us at the Southport Conference in September.