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Looks at human resources (HR) issues with regard to the health care system in Eritrea, the newest nation in Africa with a population of 3.5 million. Notes the problems of poor infrastructure, high mortality rates and poverty. Considers the present situation and future requirements in terms of HR. Features programmes being established aimed at bridging this gap and looks particularly at initiatives aimed at enabling ex‐combatants who have wartime health care experience to train further as health workers.

Sees community entry as a prelude to any action that will take place in a true partnership with the community. Lists a series of steps involved in achieving community entry drawn from a project in Pakistan. Considers the role of the participatory worker and project management team in terms of meetings, discussions and the development of individual relationships.

The purpose of this research is to describe an action research project that proposed, monitored and evaluated the introduction of a learning portfolio used to replace examinations that were formerly used to assess the core courses.

An action research project was undertaken to find out whether the introduction of a portfolio was successful and what could be improved in the process of its implementation.

The findings indicate that portfolios are effective to support and assess the academic development of international students.

The introduction of a portfolio to replace written examinations in the NCIHD was welcomed by all concerned.