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Despite being largely supportive of their sibling with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), some siblings without ASD also feel the effects of the disorder particularly in relation to challenging behaviour and lack of empathy. The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences adults who have a sibling with ASD and intellectual disability (ID) with challenging behaviour.

Interviews were conducted with 11 capacitous adult siblings of service users who have ASD and ID as well as a history of challenging behaviour. A modified version of the autism Parenting Stress Index was used to assess the impact on those siblings. thematic analysis was utilised to analyse their responses.

Four main themes emerged from the interviews, which highlighted that challenging behaviour can cause emotional losses and can impact upbringing and the sibling relationship. Despite the siblings making adjustments, they continue to have concerns for the future.

Chronic challenging behaviour can impact on siblings, and it is important to support entire families, and not exclusively parents.

With more students and less time, teachers from different subject areas are encouraged to work collaboratively with each other. Implementing the hierarchical design model at the early stages of students’ learning will increase their chances of learning to think analytically in all of their classes. Specifically targeting social studies and language arts for K-12 students, the authors of this paper suggest that teachers’ time and efforts spent in designing interdisciplinary lessons on the front end of instruction will culminate in a stronger exhibition of synthesis from students. Individual modifications can tailor the following ideas to suit topics in social studies curriculum throughout the school year while strengthening reading, writing, and communication skills in language arts.

This paper aims to develop an overarching basis to consider issues of quality in higher education.

An attempt is made to synthesise different approaches to management in higher education.

The article concludes that it is possible to synthesise a model, based on existing literature, to uniquely address higher education.

The model developed is a conceptual one as emphasised by the title.

Provides a thought framework for addressing the quality issues in higher education.

This paper aims to illustrate the complexity of understanding and managing violent behaviour in health care. The authors will show how different perceptions of the reasons for violent behaviour, and linkages between violent behaviour and illness have contributed to the creation of a wicked problem and added significant complexity to the management of violence towards staff within health-care settings. This paper will conclude with a call for strong multi-disciplinary action to address this ongoing issue.

A narrative review was undertaken to explore the ways that violence has been perceived in health care and the ways in which the concept of violence has moved from being seen as a criminal issue to being within the realms of disease. This paper will show the importance of understanding who is perpetrating violence in health care, why and in what settings. It will expound on the idea that considering violence as a consequence of disease necessarily adds a layer of complexity to both individual and organisational responses to violence towards health-care staff.

Understanding the complexity in preventing and managing violence against health-care staff can assist policymakers and managers to develop multi-faceted approaches to violence prevention, including better recognition and understanding of perpetrators of violence.

This paper provides a unique perspective on thinking about violence in health care and the implications of its complexity.

Because of Southeast Asia's strong economic performance in the past decade and great marketing potential, many Western marketers have increased their marketing activities in this area and hope for a lucrative future. Along with this strong marketing interest is a rapid increase in the number of Western advertising agencies and advertising expenditures in Southeast Asia. For example, six out of the top ten agencies in Taiwan are managed by, or work in cooperation with, American or Japanese agencies (Taipei Advertising Agency Association, 1992). According to Ogilvy & Mather, in 1985, advertising expenditures in Southeast Asia rose by almost 50 percent from 1980 to 1984. During this period, over one billion dollars were spent on mass media advertising in the region (Frith & Frith, 1990). And for the first time, U.S. agency billings from foreign sources surpassed domestic billings in 1988 (Frazer, 1990). International advertising has become a big business in Southeast Asia.

Expert systems seek to solve problems by using a computer to apply reasoning methodologies to knowledge in a specific domain in order to render advice or recommendations, much like a human expert. Presents a methodology which uses the behavioral rules of multiple expert salespeople to develop a prototype of a flexible, yet systematic, sales expert system. The prototype expert system in this study was built using the selling scripts and if‐then contingency rules of expert salespeople in the insurance industry. The system mimics the selling process for interviewing, qualifying, and scheduling an appointment with an insurance prospect. While the expert system describes a relatively simple selling process, relative to the complexity of an actual face‐to‐face sales call, the procedure described is quite general.

The librarian and researcher have to be able to uncover specific articles in their areas of interest. This Bibliography is designed to help. Volume IV, like Volume III, contains features to help the reader to retrieve relevant literature from MCB University Press' considerable output. Each entry within has been indexed according to author(s) and the Fifth Edition of the SCIMP/SCAMP Thesaurus. The latter thus provides a full subject index to facilitate rapid retrieval. Each article or book is assigned its own unique number and this is used in both the subject and author index. This Volume indexes 29 journals indicating the depth, coverage and expansion of MCB's portfolio.

Aarhus Kommunes Biblioteker (Teknisk Bibliotek), Ingerslevs Plads 7, Aarhus, Denmark. Representative: V. NEDERGAARD PEDERSEN (Librarian).

Clear and shared goals are seen as important to the effectiveness of teams. Yet evidence from the authors’ team development workshops for teams of directors and chief officers in local government is that these groups are almost all dissatisfied with this aspect of team working. Reports on the authors’ findings using Woodcock and Francis’s “Nine Building Blocks” questionnaire and discusses the reasons why these teams face difficulty with goals and objectives. Concludes with discussing several practical approaches to helping teams to clarify an agreed set of goals.