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The stress analysis of structures subjected to cyclic loading requires stress—strain relations simple enough to be usable efficiently in computer program and yet adequate to describe the essential features of the plastic behaviour of the material reasonably well. The constitutive equation for cyclic plasticity incorporating the motion of the centre of the loading surface is proposed. Using the modified plastic work, the dependency of the loading history of materials is taken into account. The Ramberg—Osgood law which is applied to each stress—strain loop from the current centre of the loading surface plays an important role. This computer simulation for stress—strain relation of cyclic loading is justified from the point of view of several kinds of experiments on type 304 austenitic stainless steel.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical solution to estimate the deformation pattern and required power in cold plate rolling using coupled stream function method and upper bound theorem.

In the first place, an admissible velocity field and the geometry of deformation zone are derived from a new stream function. Then, the optimum velocity field is obtained by minimizing the corresponding power function. Also, to calculate the adiabatic heating during high speed rolling operations, a two-dimensional conduction-convection problem is sequentially coupled with the mechanical model. To verify the predictions, rolling experiments on aluminum plates are conducted and also, a finite element analysis is performed by Abaqus/Explicit. The predicted deformation zone is then compared with the experimentally measured region as well as with the results of the finite element analysis.

The results show that the predicted deformation zone and the temperature distribution fit reasonably with the experimental data while much lower computational cost needs comparing to the fully finite element analysis.

A new stream function is proposed to properly describe the velocity field and deformation pattern during plate rolling considering the neutral point. Furthermore, the employed algorithm can be simply coupled with the thermal finite element analysis.

This paper gives a review of the finite element techniques (FE) applied in the area of material processing. The latest trends in metal forming, non‐metal forming, powder metallurgy and composite material processing are briefly discussed. The range of applications of finite elements on these subjects is extremely wide and cannot be presented in a single paper; therefore the aim of the paper is to give FE researchers/users only an encyclopaedic view of the different possibilities that exist today in the various fields mentioned above. An appendix included at the end of the paper presents a bibliography on finite element applications in material processing for 1994‐1996, where 1,370 references are listed. This bibliography is an updating of the paper written by Brannberg and Mackerle which has been published in Engineering Computations, Vol. 11 No. 5, 1994, pp. 413‐55.

Ian Popperwell asks why mental health services have been so slow to address social exclusion and whether, indeed, mental health practitioners should be involved in promoting social inclusion at all.

This paper is a part of a series of papers seeking insight into a holistic perspective into the lives, experiences and vulnerabilities of male-to-female transgender persons (from here on referred to as “transgender persons”/“Ladyboys”) within the sex industry in Southeast Asia. “Ladyboy” in Thai context specifically refers to the cultural subgroup, rather than the person’s gender identity and is not seen as an offensive term. Among the minimal studies that have been conducted, the majority have focused on sexual health and the likelihood of contracting or spreading HIV/AIDS, while often ignoring the possibility of other vulnerabilities. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

The study interviews 60 transgender persons working within red light areas of Bangkok. The final research instrument was a questionnaire of 11 sub-themes, containing both multiple choice and open-ended questions.

This study found that 81 percent of participants had entered the sex industry due to financial necessity. There was also a high vulnerability among transgender sex workers to physical and sexual violence. This includes nearly a quarter (24 percent) who cite being forced to have sex and 26 percent who cite physical assault within the last 12 months.

These findings can aid the development of programs and social services that address the needs of ladyboys, looking beyond gender expression and social identity to meet needs and vulnerabilities that often go overlooked.

This survey provides deeper understanding of the vulnerability of transgender sex workers, including their trajectory into sex work and potential alternatives.

The purpose of this paper is to explore critical factors for implementing green supply chain management (GSCM) practice in the Taiwanese electrical and electronics industries relative to European Union directives.

A tentative list of critical factors of GSCM was developed based on a thorough and detailed analysis of the pertinent literature. The survey questionnaire contained 25 items, developed based on the literature and interviews with three industry experts, specifically quality and product assurance representatives. A total of 300 questionnaires were mailed out, and 87 were returned, of which 84 were valid, representing a response rate of 28 percent. Using the data collected, the identified critical factors were performed via factor analysis to establish reliability and validity.

The results show that 20 critical factors were extracted into four dimensions, which denominated supplier management, product recycling, organization involvement and life cycle management.

This study obtained 84 valid responses from the Taiwanese electrical and electronics industries, the limitation of the study is the insufficient sampling. Future researches need to be performed using a larger sample and studying more countries.

The Taiwanese electrical and electronics industry plays a decisive role in the global information and communications technology (ICT) industry. Consequently, the validated instrument enables decision makers at ICT manufacturers to evaluate the perceptions of GSCM in their organizations. In addition, the critical factors of implementing GSCM practices validated in this work can help enterprises identify those areas of GSCM where acceptance and improvements will be made, and in prioritizing GSCM efforts.

This study presents an empirical investigation of GSCM practices, and fills a gap in the literature on the identification and establishment of critical factors for GSCM implementation in electrical and electronics industries.

Describes how the challenge of providing rehabilitative services at reasonable costs is beginning to mount. The management of quality in rehabilitative services is therefore gaining increasing attention in the health care arena. States that if a link is implied between the above stated goal and customer satisfaction, it is imperative to evaluate quality or customer satisfaction in the context of the patient’s experience. Describes the QFD system and how it leads to a better understanding of the customer’s needs and wants. Explores the process of applying the concept of QFD to physical therapy.

This paper describes Follett’s contribution to management theory in relationship to the political events and intellectual currents of her time and her unique inter‐relating of philosophy, political theory and management theory.

The purpose of this paper is to solve the local problem involving strong contrast heterogeneous conductive material, with application to gas-filled porous media with both perfect and imperfect Kapitza boundary conditions at the bi-material interface. The effective parameters like the dynamic conductivity and the thermal permeability in the acoustics of porous media are also derived from the cell solution.

The Fourier transform method is used to solve frequency-dependent heat transfer problems. The periodic Lippmann–Schwinger integral equation in Fourier space with source term is first formulated using discrete Green operators and modified wavevectors, which can then be solved by iteration schemes.

Numerical examples show that the schemes converge fast and yield accurate results when compared with analytical solution for benchmark problems.

The formulation of the method is constructed using static and dynamic Green operators and can be applied to pixelized microstructure issued from tomography images.

The paper takes up the challenge offered in the call for papers for this special issue to explore the notion of public relations as “ethical guardian”. The approach taken is to review some influential academic perspectives as well as practitioner perspectives that emerged throughout the 20th century. It is argued that the ethics and social responsibility have long been an intrinsic part of public relations self‐identity. The paper identifies a number of problems for the public relations occupation that arise from its historical legacy and considers the implications for professional status.