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This study explores the role of procedural and distributive justice in influencing supervisory trust, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Past work in U.S. settings has shown the differential effects of procedural and distributive justice on job attitudes while other work supports the relationship between both procedural and distributive justice with trust. This study attempts to replicate the US findings and extend them to samples from India, Germany, and China (Hong Kong). A theoretical model was tested via structural equation analysis. Organizational justice was found to be an important predictor of trust in all the samples, indicating the importance of these concepts in organizational life in different cultures. The implications of these results for future research are discussed.

With the growth in multiple on‐line search systems providing access to bibliographic data bases, exclusive availability of data bases is quickly disappearing. The searcher equally familiar with more than one system providing access to the same data base needs to apply some objective criteria in choosing a particular search system. Comparing three major search systems, we emphasize system differences in file structure, data fields and search features, and discuss how these differences influence search strategy and results. Results obtained from the CACondensates, ERIC, INFORM and NTIS data bases serve as examples for discussing the differences among the three search systems. Differences in postings among the systems are most often explained in terms of expected differences due to file structures, data fields and search features. Some unexpected differences between the systems are described and are assumed to be attributable to problems encountered during the preprocessing of the tape.

Of the 3010 databases publicly available in 1985, 1,926 are classed as word‐oriented. The majority of these databases are available online either in the United States or elsewhere. Many are small and many are little used. Among online databases some 383 were active (used) in the information center/library market in the United States between 1982 and 1985. This market includes sixteen online search services (vendors). Databases accessed through those vendors have been continuously surveyed on a quarterly basis through the Information Market Indicators (IMI) survey since 1982. The vendors included in the survey are the major vendors of word‐oriented databases whose services are purchased by organizations in the United States. They are: BRS, Dialog, Dow Jones, Inform (VuText), ISI (Institute for Scientific Information, no longer active as a vendor), Legi‐Slate, MDC (Mead Data Central), NLM (National Library of Medicine), NYT (New York Times, no longer active as a vendor), Pergamon InfoLine, Questel, STN International, SDC (System Development Corp.), Source, Wilson‐line, and Westlaw. Data in this paper are based on the IMI survey.

The ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Administration at the University of Oregon acquires, indexes and abstracts documents relating to the theory and practice of administration and publishes newsletters, bibliographies and interpretive reviews of research studies. The Clearinghouse is responsible for documents dealing with the leadership, management and structure of public and private educational organizations at the elementary and secondary levels. Attention is paid to documents bearing upon not only educational but also other areas of administration and to relevant publications relating to the humanities and the social and behavioral sciences. In this paper administrators and scholars in the field are advised how to draw on the resources of ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Administration.

This paper reviews the history of separate online system interfaces, leading to efforts to develop expert systems for searching databases, particularly for end users, and introduces the research in such expert systems. Appended is a bibliography of sources on interfaces and expert systems for online retrieval.

The following bibliography focuses mainly on programs which can run on IBM microcomputers and compatibles under the operating system PC DOS/MS DOS, and which can be used in online information and documentation work. They fall into the following categories:

This year’s annual bibliography includes materials reflecting various aspects of library instruction and information literacy. The academic literature continues to generate the greatest number of citations in these areas, but a small increase in the special libraries area was noted for 2000. The themes of standards for information literacy and assessment were apparent in all areas of the literature.

The decade of the 1970s witnessed a phenomenon in the growing acceptance of online database searching and its integration with more traditional library services. Although accurate statistics on the extent of online use by type of library remain scarce, an estimated 400 academic libraries used online search systems in 1977. Martha Williams' annual surveys of online search volume in the United States and Canada demonstrate an explosive growth in five years from one million searches in 1975 to almost four million in 1980. Of the more than 500 data‐bases available publicly, over 165 are accessible through the big three “supermarket” search services — BRS, Lockheed, and SDC.

This study investigates how a hospital can increase the flow of patients through its emergency department by using benchmarking and process improvement techniques borrowed from the manufacturing sector.

An in-depth case study of an Australasian public hospital utilises rigorous, multi-method data collection procedures with systems thinking to benchmark an emergency department (ED) value stream and identify the performance inhibitors.

High levels of value stream uncertainty result from inefficient processes and weak controls. Reduced patient flow arises from senior management’s commitment to simplistic government targets, clinical staff that lack basic operations management skills, and fragmented information systems. High junior/senior staff ratios aggravate the lack of inter-functional integration and poor use of time and material resources, increasing the risk of a critical patient incident.

This research is limited to a single case; hence, further research should assess value stream maturity and associated performance enablers and inhibitors in other emergency departments experiencing patient flow delays.

This study illustrates how hospital managers can use systems thinking and a context-free performance benchmarking measure to identify needed interventions and transferable best practices for achieving seamless patient flow.

This study is the first to operationalise the theoretical concept of the seamless healthcare system to acute care as defined by Parnaby and Towill (2008). It is also the first to use the uncertainty circle model in an Australasian public healthcare setting to objectively benchmark an emergency department's value stream maturity.

The study examined the rates of use of descriptors in the ERIC system during 1966–1986 to determine if certain levels of terms were used more than others and if patterns of use were similar among hierarchies in the ERIC Thesaurus. The postings per document measure indicated how often a term had been assigned to documents during its life. This was averaged for each level in the 252 multilevel hierarchies. With little exception there was not much variation in postings per document among levels nor among hierarchies. The major exception was the mean rate of 725 postings per 100,000 documents for the broadest terms in the twenty‐nine hierarchies having four levels each. This rate was significantly higher than for the narrowest levels in these hierarchies. The lack of variation in most hierarchies suggests that all terms currently in the system are important and used by indexers. Searchers should be aware of the power of the broadest terms.