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The purpose of this paper is to improve the performance of the genetic algorithm-based compliant robot path planning (GACRPP) in complex dynamic environment by proposing an improved bidirectional rapidly exploring random tree (Bi-RRT)-based population initialization method.

To achieve GACRPP in complex dynamic environment with high performance, an improved Bi-RRT-based population initialization method is proposed. First, the grid model is adopted to preprocess the working space of mobile robot. Second, an improved Bi-RRT is proposed to create multi-cluster connections between the starting point and the goal point. Third, the backtracking method is used to generate the initial population based on the multi-cluster connections generated by the improved Bi-RRT. Subsequently, some comparative experiments are implemented where the performances of the improved Bi-RRT-based population initialization method are compared with other population initialization methods, and the comparison results of the improved genetic algorithm (IGA) combining with the different population initialization methods are shown. Finally, the optimal path is further smoothed with the help of the technique of quadratic B-spline curves.

It is shown in the experiment results that the improved Bi-RRT-based population initialization method is capable of deriving a more diversified initial population with less execution time and the IGA combining with the proposed population initialization method outperforms the one with other population initialization methods in terms of the length of optimal path and the execution time.

In this paper, the Bi-RRT is introduced as a population initialization method into the GACRPP problem. An improved Bi-RRT is proposed for the purpose of increasing the diversity of initial population. To characterize the diversity of initial population, a new notion of breadth is defined in terms of Hausdorff distance between different paths.

This study aims to examine the asymmetric effects of energy efficiency on employment in India. Instead of relying on partial factor energy efficiency measures, this study uses a total factor energy efficiency (TFE) measure to estimate sector-specific energy efficiency for empirical investigation.

Multi-sectoral panel data for India from 2000 to 2014 are considered for empirical estimation. The sector-specific energy efficiency estimates (using the TFE measure) are estimated in the initial stage using the stochastic frontier approach (SFA). Then the asymmetric effect of energy efficiency on employment is investigated by using a non-linear panel autoregressive distributed lag model.

The estimates of energy efficiency display that there is not much significant change in the trend of average energy efficiency over the period. The negative and statistically significant value of the error-correction term confirms the existence of asymmetric cointegrating relationship between energy efficiency and employment in India. Moreover, in the empirical findings, the positive and negative shocks in energy efficiency provide a long-run asymmetric and short-run symmetric effect on employment in India.

Rather than depending on the absolute measure of energy efficiency (energy to output ratio), this study estimates the sector-specific energy efficiency for India using panel SFA, which provides a relative measure of energy efficiency. Moreover, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first empirical study investigating the asymmetric impact of energy efficiency on employment at an aggregate level in developing countries like India. By contrast, previous studies have either concentrated on the symmetric effect of energy efficiency on employment or primarily restricted to developed countries.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare the efficiency ratios and the technological gaps of banking industries in seven countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

The meta-frontier model was used to evaluate efficiency across countries that may have different production technologies.

The results of the meta-frontier analysis of banking systems over the period from 1991 to 2011 showed that Tunisian banks were the most efficient in terms of cost and profit. For the cost (profit) model, the analysis of the technological gap showed that Egyptian (Tunisian) banks used the most advanced technology in offering financial services to clients. The comparison of efficiencies confirmed that most efficient banks in terms of cost are not necessarily the most efficient in terms of profit and vice versa. The authors also concluded that cost efficiency analysis provides a partial view of banking efficiency and hence, profit efficiency analysis is as important.

The study is relevant for policymakers, regulators and monetary authorities and for researchers to know more about the real differences of efficiency of banks across countries in MENA region and to clarify the sources of this inefficiency to better adapt to the new environment, to make strategic decisions and to reference the performance of banking institutions.

The purpose of this paper is to draw on the social cognitive theory to identify the determinants of online knowledge community user continuance, which reflects a user’s continued use.

Based on the 271 valid responses collected from a survey, structural equation modelling was employed to examine the research model.

The results indicated that the cognitive factors of outcome expectation and the environmental factors of system quality and knowledge quality significantly affect a user’s continuance intention, which, in turn, affects continuance usage.

The results imply that service providers need to enhance community platforms and improve knowledge quality in order to retain users and facilitate their continuance.

Although previous research has examined online knowledge community user behaviour from multiple perspectives such as the social exchange theory and the motivational theory, it has seldom explored the relative effects of personal cognitions and environmental factors on user behaviour. This research fills the gap.

The paper aims to show the existence of the systemic yoyo structure in human thoughts so that the human way of thinking is proven to have the same structure as that of the material world.

Parallel comparison is used to reveal the underlying structure existing in human thoughts.

After highlighting all the relevant ideas and concepts, which are behind each and every crisis in the foundations of mathematics, it becomes clear that some difficulties in the authors' understanding of nature are originated from confusing actual infinities with potential infinities, and vice versa. By pointing out the similarities and differences between these two kinds of infinities, then some hidden contradictions existing in the system of modern mathematics are handily picked out. Then, theoretically, using the authors' yoyo model, it is predicted that the fourth crisis in the foundations of mathematics has appeared. And, a plan of resolution of this new crisis is provided.

This paper shows the first time in history that human thought, the material world, and each economic entity, share a common structure – the systemic yoyo structure. And it proves the arrival of the fourth crisis in mathematics by using systems modeling and listing several; contradictions hidden deeply in the foundations of mathematics.

This paper aims to analyse how both Lin’s birthplace identity and his Christian identity contributed to his fruitful public career and to ascertain which identity became the most significant.

Archival research is the main method used in this paper. The most important archives drawn from are the Daniel Tse Collection in the Special Collection and Archives of the Hong Kong Baptist University Library. Oral history has also been used in this paper to uncover more material that has not yet been discussed in existing scholarly works.

This paper argues that although Lin’s birthplace identity and social networks helped him to start his business career in Nam Pak Hong and develop into a leader in the local Chaozhou communities, these factors were insufficient to his becoming a respectable member of the Chinese elite in post-war Hong Kong. He became well known not because of his leading position in local Chaozhou communities or any great achievement he had obtained in business but because of his contribution to the development of Christian education. These achievements earned him a reputation as a “Christian educator”. Thus Lin’s Christian identity became more important than his birthplace identity in contributing to his successful public career.

This paper has value in showing how Christian influences interacted with various cultural factors in early Hong Kong. It also offers insights into Lin’s life and motivations as well as the history of the institutions he contributed to/founded. It not only furthers our understanding of the Chinese Christian business elite in early Hong Kong but also provides us with insights when further studying this group of people in other British colonies in Asia.

This study examines whether Confucian culture can promote enterprise total factor productivity (TFP), and it also studies how transmission mechanism works on enterprise TFP.

Based on the data of A-share listed companies on Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2008 to 2019, this study measures the influence of Confucian culture on enterprise TFP by the number of Confucian academies and Confucian temples within three radius ranges of a company's registered address.

The empirical results show that Confucian culture has a positive effect on the enterprise TFP. The transmission mechanism test shows that Confucian culture can promote the TFP of Chinese enterprises through reducing agency cost, improving agency efficiency and enhancing innovation.

The findings in this study provide implications for policymakers, scholars and enterprises. The results show that Confucian culture can enhance the TFP of Chinese enterprises. Especially in emerging markets including China, the Confucian culture, as an informal institution, can effectively complement formal institutions, promoting enterprise TFP.

This study expands the literature on Confucian culture in two aspects: the influence of Confucian culture on TFP and its transmission mechanism. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to identify a link between Confucian culture and enterprise TFP.

Gives a bibliographical review of the finite element methods (FEMs) applied for the linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic analyses of basic structural elements from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. The range of applications of FEMs in this area is wide and cannot be presented in a single paper; therefore aims to give the reader an encyclopaedic view on the subject. The bibliography at the end of the paper contains 2,025 references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations dealing with the analysis of beams, columns, rods, bars, cables, discs, blades, shafts, membranes, plates and shells that were published in 1992‐1995.

The paper aims to show using a different method that any uncountable set is a self‐contradictory non‐set.

The paper discusses the concept.

Elsewhere it is shown that in the framework of ZFC, various countable infinite sets are all self‐contradicting non‐sets. In this paper, the authors will generalize the concept of Cauchy theater, and establish the concept of transfinite Cauchy theaters. After that, employing a new method, they will prove that various uncountable infinite sets, as studied in naive set theory and modern axiomatic set theory, are also self‐contradicting non‐sets.

The concept of general Cauchy theater is introduced.

The paper's purpose is to show a class of well‐used methods in set theory is invalid.

A conceptual approach is taken.

Based on the concept of Cauchy theater introduced elsewhere, it is proven that the argument employing the diagonal method for the fact that the set of all real numbers R={x|r(x)}, where r(x)=_df “x is a real number” has an uncountable cardinality, is not valid. The diagonal method has appeared in naive and modern axiomatic set theories.

Point out more paradoxes in the methodology of mathematics.